From 390e9ed9d28cf6d881061df11190a0c91c8cf6ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shine1i <wasimysdev@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 01:03:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] feat: add Recipe Studio utilities and components for
 configuring synthetic data pipelines

---
 studio/frontend/.gitignore                    |   1 +
 .../components/controls/layout-controls.tsx   |  60 +++
 .../components/controls/viewport-controls.tsx |  74 +++
 .../components/graph/internals-sync.tsx       |  24 +
 .../components/recipe-studio-header.tsx       |  61 +++
 .../recipe-studio/recipe-studio-page.tsx      | 201 +-------
 .../recipe-studio/stores/helpers/edge-sync.ts | 206 ++++++++
 .../stores/helpers/node-updates.ts            |  78 +++
 .../stores/helpers/reference-sync.ts          | 169 +++++++
 .../stores/recipe-studio-helpers.ts           | 461 +-----------------
 .../recipe-studio/utils/config-factories.ts   | 277 +++++++++++
 .../recipe-studio/utils/config-labels.ts      |  44 ++
 .../recipe-studio/utils/config-type-guards.ts |  42 ++
 .../recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers.ts     | 402 +--------------
 .../utils/import/parsers/expression-parser.ts |  26 +
 .../utils/import/parsers/llm-parser.ts        |  65 +++
 .../utils/import/parsers/model-parser.ts      |  64 +++
 .../utils/import/parsers/sampler-parser.ts    | 271 ++++++++++
 .../src/features/recipe-studio/utils/index.ts | 442 +----------------
 .../features/recipe-studio/utils/naming.ts    |  14 +
 .../features/recipe-studio/utils/node-data.ts |  60 +++
 21 files changed, 1589 insertions(+), 1453 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/layout-controls.tsx
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/viewport-controls.tsx
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/graph/internals-sync.tsx
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/recipe-studio-header.tsx
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/edge-sync.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/node-updates.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/reference-sync.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-factories.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-labels.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-type-guards.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/expression-parser.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/llm-parser.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/model-parser.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/sampler-parser.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/naming.ts
 create mode 100644 studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/node-data.ts

diff --git a/studio/frontend/.gitignore b/studio/frontend/.gitignore
index d87ba2c95d..b372112949 100644
--- a/studio/frontend/.gitignore
+++ b/studio/frontend/.gitignore
@@ -27,3 +27,4 @@ test/
 *.sln
 *.sw?
 /src/features/recipe-studio/AGENTS.md
+/docs
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/layout-controls.tsx b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/layout-controls.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4f039d6d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/layout-controls.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { type ReactElement, useCallback } from "react";
+import {
+  Panel,
+  useReactFlow,
+  useUpdateNodeInternals,
+} from "@xyflow/react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+
+type LayoutControlsProps = {
+  direction: "LR" | "TB";
+  onLayout: () => void;
+  onToggleDirection: () => void;
+};
+
+export function LayoutControls({
+  direction,
+  onLayout,
+  onToggleDirection,
+}: LayoutControlsProps): ReactElement {
+  const { fitView, getNodes } = useReactFlow();
+  const updateNodeInternals = useUpdateNodeInternals();
+
+  const refreshNodeInternals = useCallback(() => {
+    const nodeIds = getNodes().map((node) => node.id);
+    if (nodeIds.length > 0) {
+      updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
+    }
+  }, [getNodes, updateNodeInternals]);
+
+  const handleLayout = useCallback(() => {
+    onLayout();
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      refreshNodeInternals();
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        fitView({ duration: 250 });
+      });
+    });
+  }, [fitView, onLayout, refreshNodeInternals]);
+
+  const handleToggleDirection = useCallback(() => {
+    onToggleDirection();
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      refreshNodeInternals();
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        refreshNodeInternals();
+      });
+    });
+  }, [onToggleDirection, refreshNodeInternals]);
+
+  return (
+    <Panel position="top-left" className="m-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+      <Button size="sm" className="corner-squircle" variant="secondary" onClick={handleLayout}>
+        Auto layout
+      </Button>
+      <Button size="sm" className="corner-squircle" variant="outline" onClick={handleToggleDirection}>
+        {direction}
+      </Button>
+    </Panel>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/viewport-controls.tsx b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/viewport-controls.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27e225f39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/controls/viewport-controls.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { type ReactElement, useCallback } from "react";
+import { Lock, LockOpen, Maximize2, Minus, Plus } from "lucide-react";
+import { Panel, useReactFlow } from "@xyflow/react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS } from "../recipe-floating-icon-button-class";
+
+type ViewportControlsProps = {
+  interactive: boolean;
+  onToggleInteractive: () => void;
+};
+
+export function ViewportControls({
+  interactive,
+  onToggleInteractive,
+}: ViewportControlsProps): ReactElement {
+  const { zoomIn, zoomOut, fitView } = useReactFlow();
+
+  const handleZoomIn = useCallback(() => {
+    zoomIn({ duration: 150 });
+  }, [zoomIn]);
+
+  const handleZoomOut = useCallback(() => {
+    zoomOut({ duration: 150 });
+  }, [zoomOut]);
+
+  const handleFitView = useCallback(() => {
+    fitView({ duration: 250 });
+  }, [fitView]);
+
+  return (
+    <Panel position="bottom-left" className="m-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        variant="ghost"
+        size="icon"
+        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
+        onClick={handleZoomIn}
+        aria-label="Zoom in"
+      >
+        <Plus className="size-4" />
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        variant="ghost"
+        size="icon"
+        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
+        onClick={handleZoomOut}
+        aria-label="Zoom out"
+      >
+        <Minus className="size-4" />
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        variant="ghost"
+        size="icon"
+        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
+        onClick={handleFitView}
+        aria-label="Fit view"
+      >
+        <Maximize2 className="size-4" />
+      </Button>
+      <Button
+        type="button"
+        variant="ghost"
+        size="icon"
+        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
+        onClick={onToggleInteractive}
+        aria-label={interactive ? "Lock interaction" : "Unlock interaction"}
+      >
+        {interactive ? <LockOpen className="size-4" /> : <Lock className="size-4" />}
+      </Button>
+    </Panel>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/graph/internals-sync.tsx b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/graph/internals-sync.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69a8d45dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/graph/internals-sync.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { useUpdateNodeInternals } from "@xyflow/react";
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+
+type InternalsSyncProps = {
+  nodeIds: string[];
+};
+
+export function InternalsSync({ nodeIds }: InternalsSyncProps): null {
+  const updateNodeInternals = useUpdateNodeInternals();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (nodeIds.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
+      });
+    });
+  }, [nodeIds, updateNodeInternals]);
+
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/recipe-studio-header.tsx b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/recipe-studio-header.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d72346849d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/components/recipe-studio-header.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import type { ReactElement } from "react";
+import { EyeIcon } from "@hugeicons/core-free-icons";
+import { HugeiconsIcon } from "@hugeicons/react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Spinner } from "@/components/ui/spinner";
+
+type StatusTone = "success" | "error";
+
+type RecipeStudioHeaderProps = {
+  previewLoading: boolean;
+  statusMessage: {
+    tone: StatusTone;
+    text: string;
+  } | null;
+  onPreview: () => void;
+};
+
+const STATUS_MESSAGE_CLASS: Record<StatusTone, string> = {
+  success: "mt-2 text-xs text-emerald-600",
+  error: "mt-2 text-xs text-rose-600",
+};
+
+export function RecipeStudioHeader({
+  previewLoading,
+  statusMessage,
+  onPreview,
+}: RecipeStudioHeaderProps): ReactElement {
+  return (
+    <div className="mb-6 flex flex-col gap-4">
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 lg:grid lg:grid-cols-[1fr_auto] lg:items-center">
+        <div>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight">Create Data Recipe</h1>
+          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+            Design synthetic-data pipelines with Data Designer.
+          </p>
+          {statusMessage && (
+            <p className={STATUS_MESSAGE_CLASS[statusMessage.tone]}>
+              {statusMessage.text}
+            </p>
+          )}
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-start gap-2 lg:justify-end">
+          <Button
+            type="button"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={onPreview}
+            disabled={previewLoading}
+            className="gap-2 text-xs"
+          >
+            {previewLoading ? (
+              <Spinner className="size-3.5" />
+            ) : (
+              <HugeiconsIcon icon={EyeIcon} className="size-3.5" />
+            )}
+            Preview
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/recipe-studio-page.tsx b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/recipe-studio-page.tsx
index ee50a16435..870c48a5df 100644
--- a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/recipe-studio-page.tsx
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/recipe-studio-page.tsx
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import {
   type NodeTypes,
   Panel,
   ReactFlow,
-  useReactFlow,
-  useUpdateNodeInternals,
 } from "@xyflow/react";
 import {
   type ReactElement,
@@ -21,15 +19,13 @@ import {
 } from "react";
 import { useShallow } from "zustand/react/shallow";
 import "@xyflow/react/dist/style.css";
-import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
-import { Spinner } from "@/components/ui/spinner";
-import { EyeIcon } from "@hugeicons/core-free-icons";
-import { HugeiconsIcon } from "@hugeicons/react";
-import { Lock, LockOpen, Maximize2, Minus, Plus } from "lucide-react";
 import { previewRecipe } from "./api";
 import { RecipeGraphAuxNode, type RecipeGraphAuxNodeData } from "./components/recipe-graph-aux-node";
 import { BlockSheet } from "./components/block-sheet";
-import { RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS } from "./components/recipe-floating-icon-button-class";
+import { LayoutControls } from "./components/controls/layout-controls";
+import { ViewportControls } from "./components/controls/viewport-controls";
+import { InternalsSync } from "./components/graph/internals-sync";
+import { RecipeStudioHeader } from "./components/recipe-studio-header";
 import { RecipeNode } from "./components/recipe-graph-node";
 import { RecipeGraphSemanticEdge } from "./components/recipe-graph-semantic-edge";
 import { DataEdge } from "./components/rf-ui/data-edge";
@@ -51,165 +47,12 @@ import { buildDefaultSchemaTransform } from "./utils/processors";
 const NODE_TYPES: NodeTypes = { builder: RecipeNode, aux: RecipeGraphAuxNode };
 const EDGE_TYPES: EdgeTypes = { canvas: DataEdge, semantic: RecipeGraphSemanticEdge };
 
-type LayoutControlsProps = {
-  direction: "LR" | "TB";
-  onLayout: () => void;
-  onToggleDirection: () => void;
-};
-
-type ViewportControlsProps = {
-  interactive: boolean;
-  onToggleInteractive: () => void;
-};
-
-type InternalsSyncProps = {
-  nodeIds: string[];
-};
-
 type StatusTone = "success" | "error";
 type StatusMessage = {
   tone: StatusTone;
   text: string;
 };
 
-const STATUS_MESSAGE_CLASS: Record<StatusTone, string> = {
-  success: "mt-2 text-xs text-emerald-600",
-  error: "mt-2 text-xs text-rose-600",
-};
-
-function InternalsSync({ nodeIds }: InternalsSyncProps): null {
-  const updateNodeInternals = useUpdateNodeInternals();
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (nodeIds.length === 0) {
-      return;
-    }
-    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
-      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
-      });
-    });
-  }, [nodeIds, updateNodeInternals]);
-
-  return null;
-}
-
-function LayoutControls({
-  direction,
-  onLayout,
-  onToggleDirection,
-}: LayoutControlsProps): ReactElement {
-  const { fitView, getNodes } = useReactFlow();
-  const updateNodeInternals = useUpdateNodeInternals();
-
-  const refreshNodeInternals = useCallback(() => {
-    const nodeIds = getNodes().map((node) => node.id);
-    if (nodeIds.length > 0) {
-      updateNodeInternals(nodeIds);
-    }
-  }, [getNodes, updateNodeInternals]);
-
-  const handleLayout = useCallback(() => {
-    onLayout();
-    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      refreshNodeInternals();
-      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        fitView({ duration: 250 });
-      });
-    });
-  }, [fitView, onLayout, refreshNodeInternals]);
-
-  const handleToggleDirection = useCallback(() => {
-    onToggleDirection();
-    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      refreshNodeInternals();
-      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        refreshNodeInternals();
-      });
-    });
-  }, [onToggleDirection, refreshNodeInternals]);
-
-  return (
-    <Panel position="top-left" className="m-3 flex items-center gap-2">
-      <Button size="sm" className="corner-squircle" variant="secondary" onClick={handleLayout}>
-        Auto layout
-      </Button>
-      <Button size="sm" className="corner-squircle" variant="outline" onClick={handleToggleDirection}>
-        {direction}
-      </Button>
-    </Panel>
-  );
-}
-
-function ViewportControls({
-  interactive,
-  onToggleInteractive,
-}: ViewportControlsProps): ReactElement {
-  const { zoomIn, zoomOut, fitView } = useReactFlow();
-
-  const handleZoomIn = useCallback(() => {
-    zoomIn({ duration: 150 });
-  }, [zoomIn]);
-
-  const handleZoomOut = useCallback(() => {
-    zoomOut({ duration: 150 });
-  }, [zoomOut]);
-
-  const handleFitView = useCallback(() => {
-    fitView({ duration: 250 });
-  }, [fitView]);
-
-  return (
-    <Panel position="bottom-left" className="m-3 flex items-center gap-2">
-      <Button
-        type="button"
-        variant="ghost"
-        size="icon"
-        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
-        onClick={handleZoomIn}
-        aria-label="Zoom in"
-      >
-        <Plus className="size-4" />
-      </Button>
-      <Button
-        type="button"
-        variant="ghost"
-        size="icon"
-        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
-        onClick={handleZoomOut}
-        aria-label="Zoom out"
-      >
-        <Minus className="size-4" />
-      </Button>
-      <Button
-        type="button"
-        variant="ghost"
-        size="icon"
-        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
-        onClick={handleFitView}
-        aria-label="Fit view"
-      >
-        <Maximize2 className="size-4" />
-      </Button>
-      <Button
-        type="button"
-        variant="ghost"
-        size="icon"
-        className={RECIPE_FLOATING_ICON_BUTTON_CLASS}
-        onClick={onToggleInteractive}
-        aria-label={interactive ? "Lock interaction" : "Unlock interaction"}
-      >
-        {interactive ? (
-          <LockOpen className="size-4" />
-        ) : (
-          <Lock className="size-4" />
-        )}
-      </Button>
-    </Panel>
-  );
-}
-
 export function RecipeStudioPage(): ReactElement {
   const {
     nodes,
@@ -495,37 +338,11 @@ export function RecipeStudioPage(): ReactElement {
   return (
     <div className="min-h-screen bg-background">
       <main className="w-full px-6 py-8">
-        <div className="mb-6 flex flex-col gap-4">
-          <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 lg:grid lg:grid-cols-[1fr_auto] lg:items-center">
-            <div>
-              <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight">Create Data Recipe</h1>
-              <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                Design synthetic-data pipelines with Data Designer.
-              </p>
-              {statusMessage && (
-                <p className={STATUS_MESSAGE_CLASS[statusMessage.tone]}>
-                  {statusMessage.text}
-                </p>
-              )}
-            </div>
-            <div className="flex items-center justify-start gap-2 lg:justify-end">
-              <Button
-                type="button"
-                size="sm"
-                onClick={handlePreview}
-                disabled={previewLoading}
-                className="gap-2 text-xs"
-              >
-                {previewLoading ? (
-                  <Spinner className="size-3.5" />
-                ) : (
-                  <HugeiconsIcon icon={EyeIcon} className="size-3.5" />
-                )}
-                Preview
-              </Button>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
+        <RecipeStudioHeader
+          previewLoading={previewLoading}
+          statusMessage={statusMessage}
+          onPreview={handlePreview}
+        />
         <div
           className="relative h-[75vh] w-full rounded-2xl corner-squircle border "
           ref={setSheetContainer}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/edge-sync.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/edge-sync.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aee72038cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/edge-sync.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+import { type Edge, addEdge } from "@xyflow/react";
+import type {
+  ModelConfig,
+  NodeConfig,
+  SamplerConfig,
+} from "../../types";
+import { isCategoryConfig, isSubcategoryConfig } from "../../utils";
+import { HANDLE_IDS } from "../../utils/handles";
+
+function findNodeIdByName(
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  name: string,
+): string | null {
+  const entry = Object.entries(configs).find(
+    ([, config]) => config.name === name,
+  );
+  return entry ? entry[0] : null;
+}
+
+function addRecipeEdge(edges: Edge[], source: string, target: string): Edge[] {
+  return addEdge(
+    {
+      source,
+      target,
+      sourceHandle: HANDLE_IDS.dataOut,
+      targetHandle: HANDLE_IDS.dataIn,
+      type: "canvas",
+    },
+    edges,
+  );
+}
+
+function addSemanticEdge(edges: Edge[], source: string, target: string): Edge[] {
+  return addEdge(
+    {
+      source,
+      target,
+      sourceHandle: HANDLE_IDS.semanticOut,
+      targetHandle: HANDLE_IDS.semanticIn,
+      type: "semantic",
+    },
+    edges,
+  );
+}
+
+function removeTargetEdges(edges: Edge[], targetId: string): Edge[] {
+  return edges.filter((edge) => edge.target !== targetId);
+}
+
+function removeTargetEdgesBySource(
+  edges: Edge[],
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  targetId: string,
+  shouldRemove: (source: NodeConfig | undefined) => boolean,
+): Edge[] {
+  return edges.filter((edge) => {
+    if (edge.target !== targetId) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return !shouldRemove(configs[edge.source]);
+  });
+}
+
+export function syncEdgesForConfigPatch(
+  current: NodeConfig,
+  patch: Partial<NodeConfig>,
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  edges: Edge[],
+): Edge[] {
+  let nextEdges = edges;
+
+  const hasParentPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
+    patch,
+    "subcategory_parent",
+  );
+  if (isSubcategoryConfig(current) && hasParentPatch) {
+    const nextParent = (patch as Partial<SamplerConfig>).subcategory_parent ?? "";
+    const parentId = nextParent ? findNodeIdByName(configs, nextParent) : null;
+    nextEdges = removeTargetEdges(nextEdges, current.id);
+    if (parentId) {
+      nextEdges = addRecipeEdge(nextEdges, parentId, current.id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const hasProviderPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
+    patch,
+    "provider",
+  );
+  if (current.kind === "model_config" && hasProviderPatch) {
+    const nextProvider = (patch as Partial<ModelConfig>).provider ?? "";
+    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
+      nextEdges,
+      configs,
+      current.id,
+      (source) => Boolean(source && source.kind === "model_provider"),
+    );
+    if (nextProvider) {
+      const providerId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextProvider);
+      if (providerId) {
+        nextEdges = addSemanticEdge(nextEdges, providerId, current.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const hasReferencePatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
+    patch,
+    "reference_column_name",
+  );
+  if (
+    current.kind === "sampler" &&
+    current.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
+    hasReferencePatch
+  ) {
+    const nextReference =
+      (patch as Partial<SamplerConfig>).reference_column_name ?? "";
+    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
+      nextEdges,
+      configs,
+      current.id,
+      (source) =>
+        Boolean(
+          source &&
+            source.kind === "sampler" &&
+            source.sampler_type === "datetime",
+        ),
+    );
+    if (nextReference) {
+      const referenceId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextReference);
+      const source = referenceId ? configs[referenceId] : null;
+      if (
+        referenceId &&
+        source &&
+        source.kind === "sampler" &&
+        source.sampler_type === "datetime"
+      ) {
+        nextEdges = addRecipeEdge(nextEdges, referenceId, current.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const hasModelAliasPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
+    patch,
+    "model_alias",
+  );
+  if (current.kind === "llm" && hasModelAliasPatch) {
+    const nextAlias =
+      (patch as Partial<NodeConfig> & { model_alias?: string }).model_alias ?? "";
+    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
+      nextEdges,
+      configs,
+      current.id,
+      (source) => Boolean(source && source.kind === "model_config"),
+    );
+    if (nextAlias) {
+      const modelConfigId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextAlias);
+      if (modelConfigId) {
+        nextEdges = addSemanticEdge(nextEdges, modelConfigId, current.id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nextEdges;
+}
+
+export function syncSubcategoryConfigsForCategoryUpdate(
+  current: NodeConfig,
+  next: NodeConfig,
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  oldName: string,
+  newName: string,
+  nameChanged: boolean,
+): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
+  if (!isCategoryConfig(current)) {
+    return configs;
+  }
+  const nextCategory = isCategoryConfig(next) ? next : current;
+  const oldValues = current.values ?? [];
+  const newValues = nextCategory.values ?? [];
+  const valuesChanged =
+    oldValues.length !== newValues.length ||
+    oldValues.some((value, index) => value !== newValues[index]);
+
+  let nextConfigs = configs;
+  for (const config of Object.values(configs)) {
+    if (!isSubcategoryConfig(config)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (config.subcategory_parent !== oldName) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const mapping = config.subcategory_mapping ?? {};
+    const nextMapping: Record<string, string[]> = {};
+    for (const value of newValues) {
+      nextMapping[value] = mapping[value] ?? [];
+    }
+    const updated: NodeConfig = {
+      ...config,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_parent: nameChanged ? newName : config.subcategory_parent,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_mapping: valuesChanged ? nextMapping : mapping,
+    };
+    nextConfigs = { ...nextConfigs, [config.id]: updated };
+  }
+  return nextConfigs;
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/node-updates.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/node-updates.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d17986595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/node-updates.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { DEFAULT_NODE_WIDTH } from "../../constants";
+import type {
+  RecipeNode,
+  LayoutDirection,
+  NodeConfig,
+} from "../../types";
+import { nodeDataFromConfig } from "../../utils";
+import { getConfigUiMode } from "../../components/inline/inline-policy";
+
+export type NodeUpdateState = {
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>;
+  nodes: RecipeNode[];
+  nextId: number;
+  nextY: number;
+};
+
+export type NodeUpdateResult = {
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>;
+  nodes: RecipeNode[];
+  nextId: number;
+  nextY: number;
+  activeConfigId: string;
+  dialogOpen: boolean;
+};
+
+export function updateNodeData(
+  nodes: RecipeNode[],
+  id: string,
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
+): RecipeNode[] {
+  return nodes.map((node) =>
+    node.id === id
+      ? { ...node, data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection) }
+      : node,
+  );
+}
+
+export function buildNodeUpdate(
+  state: NodeUpdateState,
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
+): NodeUpdateResult {
+  const node: RecipeNode = {
+    id: config.id,
+    type: "builder",
+    position: { x: 0, y: state.nextY },
+    data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection),
+    style: { width: DEFAULT_NODE_WIDTH },
+    selected: true,
+  };
+  const mode = getConfigUiMode(config);
+  return {
+    configs: { ...state.configs, [config.id]: config },
+    nodes: [...state.nodes.map((item) => ({ ...item, selected: false })), node],
+    nextId: state.nextId + 1,
+    nextY: state.nextY + 140,
+    activeConfigId: config.id,
+    dialogOpen: mode === "dialog",
+  };
+}
+
+export function applyLayoutDirectionToNodes(
+  nodes: RecipeNode[],
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
+): RecipeNode[] {
+  return nodes.map((node) => {
+    const config = configs[node.id];
+    if (config) {
+      return { ...node, data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection) };
+    }
+    return {
+      ...node,
+      data: { ...node.data, layoutDirection },
+    };
+  });
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/reference-sync.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/reference-sync.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3245e513f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/helpers/reference-sync.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import type {
+  LlmConfig,
+  ModelConfig,
+  NodeConfig,
+  SamplerConfig,
+} from "../../types";
+import { removeRef, replaceRef } from "../../utils/refs";
+
+function updateTemplateFields(
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  updater: (value: string) => string,
+): NodeConfig {
+  if (config.kind === "llm") {
+    const nextPrompt = updater(config.prompt);
+    const nextSystem = updater(config.system_prompt);
+    const nextOutput =
+      typeof config.output_format === "string"
+        ? updater(config.output_format)
+        : config.output_format;
+    if (
+      nextPrompt === config.prompt &&
+      nextSystem === config.system_prompt &&
+      nextOutput === config.output_format
+    ) {
+      return config;
+    }
+    return {
+      ...config,
+      prompt: nextPrompt,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      system_prompt: nextSystem,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      output_format: nextOutput,
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "expression") {
+    const nextExpr = updater(config.expr);
+    if (nextExpr === config.expr) {
+      return config;
+    }
+    return { ...config, expr: nextExpr };
+  }
+  return config;
+}
+
+export function applyRenameToConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  from: string,
+  to: string,
+): NodeConfig {
+  let next = updateTemplateFields(config, (value) =>
+    replaceRef(value, from, to),
+  );
+  if (
+    config.kind === "sampler" &&
+    config.sampler_type === "subcategory" &&
+    config.subcategory_parent === from
+  ) {
+    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
+    next = {
+      ...base,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_parent: to,
+    };
+  }
+  if (
+    config.kind === "sampler" &&
+    config.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
+    config.reference_column_name === from
+  ) {
+    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
+    next = {
+      ...base,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      reference_column_name: to,
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "model_config" && config.provider === from) {
+    const base = next as ModelConfig;
+    next = { ...base, provider: to };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "llm" && config.model_alias === from) {
+    const base = next as LlmConfig;
+    next = { ...base, model_alias: to };
+  }
+  return next;
+}
+
+export function applyRemovalToConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  ref: string,
+): NodeConfig {
+  let next = updateTemplateFields(config, (value) => removeRef(value, ref));
+  if (
+    config.kind === "sampler" &&
+    config.sampler_type === "subcategory" &&
+    config.subcategory_parent === ref
+  ) {
+    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
+    next = {
+      ...base,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_parent: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_mapping: {},
+    };
+  }
+  if (
+    config.kind === "sampler" &&
+    config.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
+    config.reference_column_name === ref
+  ) {
+    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
+    next = {
+      ...base,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      reference_column_name: "",
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "model_config" && config.provider === ref) {
+    const base = next as ModelConfig;
+    next = { ...base, provider: "" };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "llm" && config.model_alias === ref) {
+    const base = next as LlmConfig;
+    next = { ...base, model_alias: "" };
+  }
+  return next;
+}
+
+function applyConfigTransform(
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  transform: (config: NodeConfig) => NodeConfig,
+): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
+  let next = configs;
+  for (const [id, config] of Object.entries(configs)) {
+    const updated = transform(config);
+    if (updated !== config) {
+      if (next === configs) {
+        next = { ...configs };
+      }
+      next[id] = updated;
+    }
+  }
+  return next;
+}
+
+export function applyRenameToConfigs(
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  from: string,
+  to: string,
+): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
+  if (!from || from === to) {
+    return configs;
+  }
+  return applyConfigTransform(configs, (config) =>
+    applyRenameToConfig(config, from, to),
+  );
+}
+
+export function applyRemovalToConfigs(
+  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
+  ref: string,
+): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
+  if (!ref) {
+    return configs;
+  }
+  return applyConfigTransform(configs, (config) => applyRemovalToConfig(config, ref));
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/recipe-studio-helpers.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/recipe-studio-helpers.ts
index 9a14791156..4515ba1e69 100644
--- a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/recipe-studio-helpers.ts
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/stores/recipe-studio-helpers.ts
@@ -1,444 +1,17 @@
-import { type Edge, addEdge } from "@xyflow/react";
-import { DEFAULT_NODE_WIDTH } from "../constants";
-import type {
-  RecipeNode,
-  LayoutDirection,
-  LlmConfig,
-  ModelConfig,
-  NodeConfig,
-  SamplerConfig,
-} from "../types";
-import { isCategoryConfig, isSubcategoryConfig, nodeDataFromConfig } from "../utils";
-import { HANDLE_IDS } from "../utils/handles";
-import { removeRef, replaceRef } from "../utils/refs";
-import { getConfigUiMode } from "../components/inline/inline-policy";
-
-type NodeUpdateState = {
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>;
-  nodes: RecipeNode[];
-  nextId: number;
-  nextY: number;
-};
-
-type NodeUpdateResult = {
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>;
-  nodes: RecipeNode[];
-  nextId: number;
-  nextY: number;
-  activeConfigId: string;
-  dialogOpen: boolean;
-};
-
-export function updateNodeData(
-  nodes: RecipeNode[],
-  id: string,
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
-): RecipeNode[] {
-  return nodes.map((node) =>
-    node.id === id
-      ? { ...node, data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection) }
-      : node,
-  );
-}
-
-function findNodeIdByName(
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  name: string,
-): string | null {
-  const entry = Object.entries(configs).find(
-    ([, config]) => config.name === name,
-  );
-  return entry ? entry[0] : null;
-}
-
-function addRecipeEdge(edges: Edge[], source: string, target: string): Edge[] {
-  return addEdge(
-    {
-      source,
-      target,
-      sourceHandle: HANDLE_IDS.dataOut,
-      targetHandle: HANDLE_IDS.dataIn,
-      type: "canvas",
-    },
-    edges,
-  );
-}
-
-function addSemanticEdge(edges: Edge[], source: string, target: string): Edge[] {
-  return addEdge(
-    {
-      source,
-      target,
-      sourceHandle: HANDLE_IDS.semanticOut,
-      targetHandle: HANDLE_IDS.semanticIn,
-      type: "semantic",
-    },
-    edges,
-  );
-}
-
-function removeTargetEdges(edges: Edge[], targetId: string): Edge[] {
-  return edges.filter((edge) => edge.target !== targetId);
-}
-
-function removeTargetEdgesBySource(
-  edges: Edge[],
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  targetId: string,
-  shouldRemove: (source: NodeConfig | undefined) => boolean,
-): Edge[] {
-  return edges.filter((edge) => {
-    if (edge.target !== targetId) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    return !shouldRemove(configs[edge.source]);
-  });
-}
-
-export function buildNodeUpdate(
-  state: NodeUpdateState,
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
-): NodeUpdateResult {
-  const node: RecipeNode = {
-    id: config.id,
-    type: "builder",
-    position: { x: 0, y: state.nextY },
-    data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection),
-    style: { width: DEFAULT_NODE_WIDTH },
-    selected: true,
-  };
-  const mode = getConfigUiMode(config);
-  return {
-    configs: { ...state.configs, [config.id]: config },
-    nodes: [...state.nodes.map((item) => ({ ...item, selected: false })), node],
-    nextId: state.nextId + 1,
-    nextY: state.nextY + 140,
-    activeConfigId: config.id,
-    dialogOpen: mode === "dialog",
-  };
-}
-
-export function applyLayoutDirectionToNodes(
-  nodes: RecipeNode[],
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
-): RecipeNode[] {
-  return nodes.map((node) => {
-    const config = configs[node.id];
-    if (config) {
-      return { ...node, data: nodeDataFromConfig(config, layoutDirection) };
-    }
-    return {
-      ...node,
-      data: { ...node.data, layoutDirection },
-    };
-  });
-}
-
-export function syncEdgesForConfigPatch(
-  current: NodeConfig,
-  patch: Partial<NodeConfig>,
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  edges: Edge[],
-): Edge[] {
-  let nextEdges = edges;
-
-  const hasParentPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
-    patch,
-    "subcategory_parent",
-  );
-  if (isSubcategoryConfig(current) && hasParentPatch) {
-    const nextParent = (patch as Partial<SamplerConfig>).subcategory_parent ?? "";
-    const parentId = nextParent ? findNodeIdByName(configs, nextParent) : null;
-    nextEdges = removeTargetEdges(nextEdges, current.id);
-    if (parentId) {
-      nextEdges = addRecipeEdge(nextEdges, parentId, current.id);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const hasProviderPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
-    patch,
-    "provider",
-  );
-  if (current.kind === "model_config" && hasProviderPatch) {
-    const nextProvider = (patch as Partial<ModelConfig>).provider ?? "";
-    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
-      nextEdges,
-      configs,
-      current.id,
-      (source) => Boolean(source && source.kind === "model_provider"),
-    );
-    if (nextProvider) {
-      const providerId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextProvider);
-      if (providerId) {
-        nextEdges = addSemanticEdge(nextEdges, providerId, current.id);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  const hasReferencePatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
-    patch,
-    "reference_column_name",
-  );
-  if (
-    current.kind === "sampler" &&
-    current.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
-    hasReferencePatch
-  ) {
-    const nextReference =
-      (patch as Partial<SamplerConfig>).reference_column_name ?? "";
-    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
-      nextEdges,
-      configs,
-      current.id,
-      (source) =>
-        Boolean(
-          source &&
-            source.kind === "sampler" &&
-            source.sampler_type === "datetime",
-        ),
-    );
-    if (nextReference) {
-      const referenceId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextReference);
-      const source = referenceId ? configs[referenceId] : null;
-      if (
-        referenceId &&
-        source &&
-        source.kind === "sampler" &&
-        source.sampler_type === "datetime"
-      ) {
-        nextEdges = addRecipeEdge(nextEdges, referenceId, current.id);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  const hasModelAliasPatch = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(
-    patch,
-    "model_alias",
-  );
-  if (current.kind === "llm" && hasModelAliasPatch) {
-    const nextAlias =
-      (patch as Partial<NodeConfig> & { model_alias?: string }).model_alias ?? "";
-    nextEdges = removeTargetEdgesBySource(
-      nextEdges,
-      configs,
-      current.id,
-      (source) => Boolean(source && source.kind === "model_config"),
-    );
-    if (nextAlias) {
-      const modelConfigId = findNodeIdByName(configs, nextAlias);
-      if (modelConfigId) {
-        nextEdges = addSemanticEdge(nextEdges, modelConfigId, current.id);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return nextEdges;
-}
-
-export function syncSubcategoryConfigsForCategoryUpdate(
-  current: NodeConfig,
-  next: NodeConfig,
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  oldName: string,
-  newName: string,
-  nameChanged: boolean,
-): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
-  if (!isCategoryConfig(current)) {
-    return configs;
-  }
-  const nextCategory = isCategoryConfig(next) ? next : current;
-  const oldValues = current.values ?? [];
-  const newValues = nextCategory.values ?? [];
-  const valuesChanged =
-    oldValues.length !== newValues.length ||
-    oldValues.some((value, index) => value !== newValues[index]);
-
-  let nextConfigs = configs;
-  for (const config of Object.values(configs)) {
-    if (!isSubcategoryConfig(config)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (config.subcategory_parent !== oldName) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const mapping = config.subcategory_mapping ?? {};
-    const nextMapping: Record<string, string[]> = {};
-    for (const value of newValues) {
-      nextMapping[value] = mapping[value] ?? [];
-    }
-    const updated: NodeConfig = {
-      ...config,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_parent: nameChanged ? newName : config.subcategory_parent,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_mapping: valuesChanged ? nextMapping : mapping,
-    };
-    nextConfigs = { ...nextConfigs, [config.id]: updated };
-  }
-  return nextConfigs;
-}
-
-function updateTemplateFields(
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  updater: (value: string) => string,
-): NodeConfig {
-  if (config.kind === "llm") {
-    const nextPrompt = updater(config.prompt);
-    const nextSystem = updater(config.system_prompt);
-    const nextOutput =
-      typeof config.output_format === "string"
-        ? updater(config.output_format)
-        : config.output_format;
-    if (
-      nextPrompt === config.prompt &&
-      nextSystem === config.system_prompt &&
-      nextOutput === config.output_format
-    ) {
-      return config;
-    }
-    return {
-      ...config,
-      prompt: nextPrompt,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      system_prompt: nextSystem,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      output_format: nextOutput,
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "expression") {
-    const nextExpr = updater(config.expr);
-    if (nextExpr === config.expr) {
-      return config;
-    }
-    return { ...config, expr: nextExpr };
-  }
-  return config;
-}
-
-export function applyRenameToConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  from: string,
-  to: string,
-): NodeConfig {
-  let next = updateTemplateFields(config, (value) =>
-    replaceRef(value, from, to),
-  );
-  if (
-    config.kind === "sampler" &&
-    config.sampler_type === "subcategory" &&
-    config.subcategory_parent === from
-  ) {
-    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
-    next = {
-      ...base,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_parent: to,
-    };
-  }
-  if (
-    config.kind === "sampler" &&
-    config.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
-    config.reference_column_name === from
-  ) {
-    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
-    next = {
-      ...base,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      reference_column_name: to,
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "model_config" && config.provider === from) {
-    const base = next as ModelConfig;
-    next = { ...base, provider: to };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "llm" && config.model_alias === from) {
-    const base = next as LlmConfig;
-    next = { ...base, model_alias: to };
-  }
-  return next;
-}
-
-export function applyRemovalToConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  ref: string,
-): NodeConfig {
-  let next = updateTemplateFields(config, (value) => removeRef(value, ref));
-  if (
-    config.kind === "sampler" &&
-    config.sampler_type === "subcategory" &&
-    config.subcategory_parent === ref
-  ) {
-    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
-    next = {
-      ...base,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_parent: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_mapping: {},
-    };
-  }
-  if (
-    config.kind === "sampler" &&
-    config.sampler_type === "timedelta" &&
-    config.reference_column_name === ref
-  ) {
-    const base = next as SamplerConfig;
-    next = {
-      ...base,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      reference_column_name: "",
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "model_config" && config.provider === ref) {
-    const base = next as ModelConfig;
-    next = { ...base, provider: "" };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "llm" && config.model_alias === ref) {
-    const base = next as LlmConfig;
-    next = { ...base, model_alias: "" };
-  }
-  return next;
-}
-
-export function applyRenameToConfigs(
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  from: string,
-  to: string,
-): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
-  if (!from || from === to) {
-    return configs;
-  }
-  return applyConfigTransform(configs, (config) =>
-    applyRenameToConfig(config, from, to),
-  );
-}
-
-function applyConfigTransform(
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  transform: (config: NodeConfig) => NodeConfig,
-): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
-  let next = configs;
-  for (const [id, config] of Object.entries(configs)) {
-    const updated = transform(config);
-    if (updated !== config) {
-      if (next === configs) {
-        next = { ...configs };
-      }
-      next[id] = updated;
-    }
-  }
-  return next;
-}
-
-export function applyRemovalToConfigs(
-  configs: Record<string, NodeConfig>,
-  ref: string,
-): Record<string, NodeConfig> {
-  if (!ref) {
-    return configs;
-  }
-  return applyConfigTransform(configs, (config) => applyRemovalToConfig(config, ref));
-}
+export {
+  applyLayoutDirectionToNodes,
+  buildNodeUpdate,
+  type NodeUpdateResult,
+  type NodeUpdateState,
+  updateNodeData,
+} from "./helpers/node-updates";
+export {
+  syncEdgesForConfigPatch,
+  syncSubcategoryConfigsForCategoryUpdate,
+} from "./helpers/edge-sync";
+export {
+  applyRemovalToConfig,
+  applyRemovalToConfigs,
+  applyRenameToConfig,
+  applyRenameToConfigs,
+} from "./helpers/reference-sync";
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-factories.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-factories.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b8f0814a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-factories.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import type {
+  ExpressionConfig,
+  LlmConfig,
+  LlmType,
+  ModelConfig,
+  ModelProviderConfig,
+  NodeConfig,
+  SamplerConfig,
+  SamplerType,
+} from "../types";
+import { nextName } from "./naming";
+
+export function makeSamplerConfig(
+  id: string,
+  samplerType: SamplerType,
+  existing: NodeConfig[],
+): SamplerConfig {
+  const namePrefix =
+    samplerType === "subcategory" ? "subcategory" : samplerType;
+  const name = nextName(existing, namePrefix);
+  if (samplerType === "category") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "category",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      values: ["A", "B", "C"],
+      weights: [null, null, null],
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "subcategory") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "subcategory",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_parent: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_mapping: {
+        // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: sample values
+        A: ["A1", "A2"],
+        // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: sample values
+        B: ["B1", "B2"],
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "uniform") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "uniform",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      low: "0",
+      high: "1",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "gaussian") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "gaussian",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      mean: "0",
+      std: "1",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "bernoulli") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "bernoulli",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      p: "0.5",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "datetime") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "datetime",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_start: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_end: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_unit: "day",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "timedelta") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "timedelta",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      dt_min: "0",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      dt_max: "1",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      reference_column_name: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      timedelta_unit: "D",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "uuid") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "uuid",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      uuid_format: "",
+    };
+  }
+  if (samplerType === "person_from_faker") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "person_from_faker",
+      name,
+      drop: false,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      person_locale: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      person_sex: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      person_age_range: "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      person_city: "",
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "sampler",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    sampler_type: "person",
+    name,
+    drop: false,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_locale: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_sex: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_age_range: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_city: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_with_synthetic_personas: false,
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeLlmConfig(
+  id: string,
+  llmType: LlmType,
+  existing: NodeConfig[],
+): LlmConfig {
+  let namePrefix = "llm_text";
+  if (llmType === "structured") {
+    namePrefix = "llm_structured";
+  } else if (llmType === "code") {
+    namePrefix = "llm_code";
+  } else if (llmType === "judge") {
+    namePrefix = "llm_judge";
+  }
+  const name = nextName(existing, namePrefix);
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "llm",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    llm_type: llmType,
+    name,
+    drop: false,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    model_alias: "allenai/olmo-3.1-32b-instruct",
+    prompt:
+      llmType === "judge"
+        ? "Evaluate the content using the scoring criteria below."
+        : "Write a response.",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    system_prompt: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    code_lang: llmType === "code" ? "python" : undefined,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    output_format:
+      llmType === "structured" ? '{\n  "field": "string"\n}' : undefined,
+    scores:
+      llmType === "judge"
+        ? [
+            {
+              name: "Quality",
+              description: "Overall quality based on the criteria.",
+              options: [
+                { value: "1", description: "Poor" },
+                { value: "3", description: "Acceptable" },
+                { value: "5", description: "Excellent" },
+              ],
+            },
+          ]
+        : undefined,
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeModelProviderConfig(
+  id: string,
+  existing: NodeConfig[],
+): ModelProviderConfig {
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "model_provider",
+    name: nextName(existing, "provider"),
+    endpoint: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    provider_type: "openai",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    api_key_env: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    api_key: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    extra_headers: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    extra_body: "",
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeModelConfig(
+  id: string,
+  existing: NodeConfig[],
+): ModelConfig {
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "model_config",
+    name: nextName(existing, "model"),
+    model: "",
+    provider: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_temperature: "0.7",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_max_tokens: "256",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_top_p: "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    skip_health_check: false,
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeExpressionConfig(
+  id: string,
+  existing: NodeConfig[],
+): ExpressionConfig {
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "expression",
+    name: nextName(existing, "expr"),
+    drop: false,
+    expr: "",
+    dtype: "str",
+  };
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-labels.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-labels.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b70d7566b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-labels.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import type {
+  ExpressionDtype,
+  LlmType,
+  SamplerType,
+} from "../types";
+
+const SAMPLER_LABELS: Record<SamplerType, string> = {
+  category: "Category",
+  subcategory: "Subcategory",
+  uniform: "Uniform",
+  gaussian: "Gaussian",
+  bernoulli: "Bernoulli",
+  datetime: "Datetime",
+  timedelta: "Timedelta",
+  uuid: "UUID",
+  person: "Person",
+  person_from_faker: "Person (Faker)",
+};
+
+const LLM_LABELS: Record<LlmType, string> = {
+  text: "LLM Text",
+  structured: "LLM Structured",
+  code: "LLM Code",
+  judge: "LLM Judge",
+};
+
+const EXPRESSION_LABELS: Record<ExpressionDtype, string> = {
+  str: "Text",
+  int: "Int",
+  float: "Float",
+  bool: "Bool",
+};
+
+export function labelForSampler(type: SamplerType): string {
+  return SAMPLER_LABELS[type] ?? "Sampler";
+}
+
+export function labelForLlm(type: LlmType): string {
+  return LLM_LABELS[type] ?? "LLM";
+}
+
+export function labelForExpression(type: ExpressionDtype): string {
+  return EXPRESSION_LABELS[type] ?? "Expression";
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-type-guards.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-type-guards.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..855cca8c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/config-type-guards.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import type {
+  ExpressionConfig,
+  LlmConfig,
+  NodeConfig,
+  SamplerConfig,
+} from "../types";
+
+export function isSamplerConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
+): config is SamplerConfig {
+  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "sampler");
+}
+
+export function isCategoryConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
+): config is SamplerConfig {
+  return Boolean(
+    config && config.kind === "sampler" && config.sampler_type === "category",
+  );
+}
+
+export function isSubcategoryConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
+): config is SamplerConfig {
+  return Boolean(
+    config &&
+      config.kind === "sampler" &&
+      config.sampler_type === "subcategory",
+  );
+}
+
+export function isLlmConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
+): config is LlmConfig {
+  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "llm");
+}
+
+export function isExpressionConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
+): config is ExpressionConfig {
+  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "expression");
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers.ts
index 349da4e9a8..edc3580aa1 100644
--- a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers.ts
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers.ts
@@ -1,399 +1,9 @@
-import type {
-  ExpressionConfig,
-  ExpressionDtype,
-  LlmConfig,
-  ModelConfig,
-  ModelProviderConfig,
-  NodeConfig,
-  SamplerConfig,
-  SamplerType,
-  Score,
-  ScoreOption,
-} from "../../types";
-import {
-  isRecord,
-  normalizeOutputFormat,
-  readNumberString,
-  readString,
-} from "./helpers";
-
-const SAMPLER_TYPES: SamplerType[] = [
-  "category",
-  "subcategory",
-  "uniform",
-  "gaussian",
-  "bernoulli",
-  "datetime",
-  "timedelta",
-  "uuid",
-  "person",
-  "person_from_faker",
-];
-
-const EXPRESSION_DTYPES: ExpressionDtype[] = ["str", "int", "float", "bool"];
-const TIMEDELTA_UNITS = new Set(["D", "h", "m", "s"]);
-
-function parseCategoryConditionalParams(
-  column: Record<string, unknown>,
-): SamplerConfig["conditional_params"] {
-  if (!isRecord(column.conditional_params)) {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-  const conditional: NonNullable<SamplerConfig["conditional_params"]> = {};
-  for (const [condition, rawParams] of Object.entries(column.conditional_params)) {
-    if (!isRecord(rawParams)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (readString(rawParams.sampler_type) !== "category") {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const values = Array.isArray(rawParams.values)
-      ? rawParams.values.filter((item) => typeof item === "string")
-      : [];
-    if (values.length === 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const weights = Array.isArray(rawParams.weights)
-      ? rawParams.weights.map((item) => (typeof item === "number" ? item : null))
-      : undefined;
-    conditional[condition] = {
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "category",
-      values,
-      weights,
-    };
-  }
-  return Object.keys(conditional).length > 0 ? conditional : undefined;
-}
-
-function parseSampler(
-  column: Record<string, unknown>,
-  name: string,
-  id: string,
-  errors: string[],
-): SamplerConfig | null {
-  const drop = column.drop === true;
-  const samplerType = readString(column.sampler_type);
-  if (!samplerType || !SAMPLER_TYPES.includes(samplerType as SamplerType)) {
-    errors.push(`Sampler ${name}: unsupported sampler_type.`);
-    return null;
-  }
-  const convertTo = readString(column.convert_to);
-  const normalizedConvertTo =
-    convertTo && ["float", "int", "str"].includes(convertTo)
-      ? (convertTo as "float" | "int" | "str")
-      : undefined;
-  const params =
-    typeof column.params === "object" && column.params
-      ? (column.params as Record<string, unknown>)
-      : {};
-  if (samplerType === "category") {
-    const values = Array.isArray(params.values)
-      ? params.values.filter((item) => typeof item === "string")
-      : [];
-    const weights = Array.isArray(params.weights)
-      ? params.weights.map((item) => (typeof item === "number" ? item : null))
-      : [];
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "category",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      values,
-      weights,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      conditional_params: parseCategoryConditionalParams(column),
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "subcategory") {
-    const mapping: Record<string, string[]> = {};
-    if (params.values && typeof params.values === "object") {
-      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params.values)) {
-        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-          mapping[key] = value.filter((item) => typeof item === "string");
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "subcategory",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_parent: readString(params.category) ?? "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_mapping: mapping,
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "uniform") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "uniform",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      low: readNumberString(params.low),
-      high: readNumberString(params.high),
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "gaussian") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "gaussian",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      mean: readNumberString(params.mean),
-      std: readNumberString(params.std),
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "bernoulli") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "bernoulli",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      p: readNumberString(params.p),
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "datetime") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "datetime",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_start: readString(params.start) ?? "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_end: readString(params.end) ?? "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_unit: readString(params.unit) ?? "",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "timedelta") {
-    const rawUnit = readString(params.unit);
-    const unit =
-      rawUnit && TIMEDELTA_UNITS.has(rawUnit)
-        ? (rawUnit as "D" | "h" | "m" | "s")
-        : "D";
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "timedelta",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      dt_min: readNumberString(params.dt_min),
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      dt_max: readNumberString(params.dt_max),
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      reference_column_name: readString(params.reference_column_name) ?? "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      timedelta_unit: unit,
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "uuid") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "uuid",
-      name,
-      drop,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      uuid_format: readString(params.format) ?? "",
-    };
-  }
-  const ageRange =
-    Array.isArray(params.age_range) &&
-    params.age_range.length === 2 &&
-    params.age_range.every((item) => typeof item === "number")
-      ? `${params.age_range[0]}-${params.age_range[1]}`
-      : readString(params.age_range) ?? "";
-  const base: SamplerConfig = {
-    id,
-    kind: "sampler",
-    name,
-    drop,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    sampler_type: samplerType as SamplerType,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_locale: readString(params.locale) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_sex: readString(params.sex) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_age_range: ageRange,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_city: readString(params.city) ?? "",
-  };
-  if (samplerType === "person") {
-    return {
-      ...base,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      person_with_synthetic_personas:
-        typeof params.with_synthetic_personas === "boolean"
-          ? params.with_synthetic_personas
-          : false,
-    };
-  }
-  return base;
-}
-
-function parseLlm(
-  column: Record<string, unknown>,
-  name: string,
-  id: string,
-): LlmConfig {
-  const columnType = readString(column.column_type) ?? "llm-text";
-  let llmType: LlmConfig["llm_type"] = "text";
-  if (columnType === "llm-structured") {
-    llmType = "structured";
-  } else if (columnType === "llm-code") {
-    llmType = "code";
-  } else if (columnType === "llm-judge") {
-    llmType = "judge";
-  }
-  const scores: Score[] =
-    columnType === "llm-judge" && Array.isArray(column.scores)
-      ? column.scores
-          .filter((score) => isRecord(score))
-          .map((score) => {
-            const options: ScoreOption[] = [];
-            const rawOptions = isRecord(score.options) ? score.options : {};
-            for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawOptions)) {
-              const description =
-                typeof value === "string" ? value : JSON.stringify(value);
-              options.push({ value: String(key), description });
-            }
-            return {
-              name: readString(score.name) ?? "",
-              description: readString(score.description) ?? "",
-              options,
-            };
-          })
-      : [];
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "llm",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    llm_type: llmType,
-    name,
-    drop: column.drop === true,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    model_alias: readString(column.model_alias) ?? "",
-    prompt: readString(column.prompt) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    system_prompt: readString(column.system_prompt) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    code_lang: readString(column.code_lang) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    output_format: normalizeOutputFormat(column.output_format),
-    scores: llmType === "judge" ? scores : undefined,
-  };
-}
-
-export function parseModelProvider(
-  provider: Record<string, unknown>,
-  name: string,
-  id: string,
-): ModelProviderConfig {
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "model_provider",
-    name,
-    endpoint: readString(provider.endpoint) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    provider_type: readString(provider.provider_type) ?? "openai",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    api_key_env: readString(provider.api_key_env) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    api_key: readString(provider.api_key) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    extra_headers: isRecord(provider.extra_headers)
-      ? JSON.stringify(provider.extra_headers, null, 2)
-      : "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    extra_body: isRecord(provider.extra_body)
-      ? JSON.stringify(provider.extra_body, null, 2)
-      : "",
-  };
-}
-
-export function parseModelConfig(
-  model: Record<string, unknown>,
-  name: string,
-  id: string,
-): ModelConfig {
-  const inference = isRecord(model.inference_parameters)
-    ? (model.inference_parameters as Record<string, unknown>)
-    : {};
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "model_config",
-    name,
-    model: readString(model.model) ?? "",
-    provider: readString(model.provider) ?? "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_temperature: readNumberString(inference.temperature),
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_top_p: readNumberString(inference.top_p),
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_max_tokens: readNumberString(inference.max_tokens),
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    skip_health_check:
-      typeof model.skip_health_check === "boolean"
-        ? model.skip_health_check
-        : false,
-  };
-}
-
-function parseExpression(
-  column: Record<string, unknown>,
-  name: string,
-  id: string,
-): ExpressionConfig {
-  const dtype = readString(column.dtype);
-  const normalized = EXPRESSION_DTYPES.includes(dtype as ExpressionDtype)
-    ? (dtype as ExpressionDtype)
-    : "str";
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "expression",
-    name,
-    drop: column.drop === true,
-    expr: readString(column.expr) ?? "",
-    dtype: normalized,
-  };
-}
+import type { NodeConfig } from "../../types";
+import { readString } from "./helpers";
+import { parseExpression } from "./parsers/expression-parser";
+import { parseLlm } from "./parsers/llm-parser";
+export { parseModelConfig, parseModelProvider } from "./parsers/model-parser";
+import { parseSampler } from "./parsers/sampler-parser";
 
 type ColumnParser = (
   column: Record<string, unknown>,
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/expression-parser.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/expression-parser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03585a1f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/expression-parser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type {
+  ExpressionConfig,
+  ExpressionDtype,
+} from "../../../types";
+import { readString } from "../helpers";
+
+const EXPRESSION_DTYPES: ExpressionDtype[] = ["str", "int", "float", "bool"];
+
+export function parseExpression(
+  column: Record<string, unknown>,
+  name: string,
+  id: string,
+): ExpressionConfig {
+  const dtype = readString(column.dtype);
+  const normalized = EXPRESSION_DTYPES.includes(dtype as ExpressionDtype)
+    ? (dtype as ExpressionDtype)
+    : "str";
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "expression",
+    name,
+    drop: column.drop === true,
+    expr: readString(column.expr) ?? "",
+    dtype: normalized,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/llm-parser.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/llm-parser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d37cb832c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/llm-parser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import type {
+  LlmConfig,
+  Score,
+  ScoreOption,
+} from "../../../types";
+import {
+  isRecord,
+  normalizeOutputFormat,
+  readString,
+} from "../helpers";
+
+export function parseLlm(
+  column: Record<string, unknown>,
+  name: string,
+  id: string,
+): LlmConfig {
+  const columnType = readString(column.column_type) ?? "llm-text";
+  let llmType: LlmConfig["llm_type"] = "text";
+  if (columnType === "llm-structured") {
+    llmType = "structured";
+  } else if (columnType === "llm-code") {
+    llmType = "code";
+  } else if (columnType === "llm-judge") {
+    llmType = "judge";
+  }
+
+  const scores: Score[] =
+    columnType === "llm-judge" && Array.isArray(column.scores)
+      ? column.scores
+          .filter((score) => isRecord(score))
+          .map((score) => {
+            const options: ScoreOption[] = [];
+            const rawOptions = isRecord(score.options) ? score.options : {};
+            for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawOptions)) {
+              const description =
+                typeof value === "string" ? value : JSON.stringify(value);
+              options.push({ value: String(key), description });
+            }
+            return {
+              name: readString(score.name) ?? "",
+              description: readString(score.description) ?? "",
+              options,
+            };
+          })
+      : [];
+
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "llm",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    llm_type: llmType,
+    name,
+    drop: column.drop === true,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    model_alias: readString(column.model_alias) ?? "",
+    prompt: readString(column.prompt) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    system_prompt: readString(column.system_prompt) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    code_lang: readString(column.code_lang) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    output_format: normalizeOutputFormat(column.output_format),
+    scores: llmType === "judge" ? scores : undefined,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/model-parser.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/model-parser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18632d5c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/model-parser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import type {
+  ModelConfig,
+  ModelProviderConfig,
+} from "../../../types";
+import {
+  isRecord,
+  readNumberString,
+  readString,
+} from "../helpers";
+
+export function parseModelProvider(
+  provider: Record<string, unknown>,
+  name: string,
+  id: string,
+): ModelProviderConfig {
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "model_provider",
+    name,
+    endpoint: readString(provider.endpoint) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    provider_type: readString(provider.provider_type) ?? "openai",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    api_key_env: readString(provider.api_key_env) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    api_key: readString(provider.api_key) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    extra_headers: isRecord(provider.extra_headers)
+      ? JSON.stringify(provider.extra_headers, null, 2)
+      : "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    extra_body: isRecord(provider.extra_body)
+      ? JSON.stringify(provider.extra_body, null, 2)
+      : "",
+  };
+}
+
+export function parseModelConfig(
+  model: Record<string, unknown>,
+  name: string,
+  id: string,
+): ModelConfig {
+  const inference = isRecord(model.inference_parameters)
+    ? (model.inference_parameters as Record<string, unknown>)
+    : {};
+  return {
+    id,
+    kind: "model_config",
+    name,
+    model: readString(model.model) ?? "",
+    provider: readString(model.provider) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_temperature: readNumberString(inference.temperature),
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_top_p: readNumberString(inference.top_p),
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    inference_max_tokens: readNumberString(inference.max_tokens),
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    skip_health_check:
+      typeof model.skip_health_check === "boolean"
+        ? model.skip_health_check
+        : false,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/sampler-parser.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/sampler-parser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..067216af1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/import/parsers/sampler-parser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import type {
+  SamplerConfig,
+  SamplerType,
+} from "../../../types";
+import {
+  isRecord,
+  readNumberString,
+  readString,
+} from "../helpers";
+
+const SAMPLER_TYPES: SamplerType[] = [
+  "category",
+  "subcategory",
+  "uniform",
+  "gaussian",
+  "bernoulli",
+  "datetime",
+  "timedelta",
+  "uuid",
+  "person",
+  "person_from_faker",
+];
+
+const TIMEDELTA_UNITS = new Set(["D", "h", "m", "s"]);
+
+function parseCategoryConditionalParams(
+  column: Record<string, unknown>,
+): SamplerConfig["conditional_params"] {
+  if (!isRecord(column.conditional_params)) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const conditional: NonNullable<SamplerConfig["conditional_params"]> = {};
+  for (const [condition, rawParams] of Object.entries(column.conditional_params)) {
+    if (!isRecord(rawParams)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (readString(rawParams.sampler_type) !== "category") {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const values = Array.isArray(rawParams.values)
+      ? rawParams.values.filter((item) => typeof item === "string")
+      : [];
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const weights = Array.isArray(rawParams.weights)
+      ? rawParams.weights.map((item) => (typeof item === "number" ? item : null))
+      : undefined;
+    conditional[condition] = {
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "category",
+      values,
+      weights,
+    };
+  }
+  return Object.keys(conditional).length > 0 ? conditional : undefined;
+}
+
+export function parseSampler(
+  column: Record<string, unknown>,
+  name: string,
+  id: string,
+  errors: string[],
+): SamplerConfig | null {
+  const drop = column.drop === true;
+  const samplerType = readString(column.sampler_type);
+  if (!samplerType || !SAMPLER_TYPES.includes(samplerType as SamplerType)) {
+    errors.push(`Sampler ${name}: unsupported sampler_type.`);
+    return null;
+  }
+  const convertTo = readString(column.convert_to);
+  const normalizedConvertTo =
+    convertTo && ["float", "int", "str"].includes(convertTo)
+      ? (convertTo as "float" | "int" | "str")
+      : undefined;
+  const params =
+    typeof column.params === "object" && column.params
+      ? (column.params as Record<string, unknown>)
+      : {};
+
+  if (samplerType === "category") {
+    const values = Array.isArray(params.values)
+      ? params.values.filter((item) => typeof item === "string")
+      : [];
+    const weights = Array.isArray(params.weights)
+      ? params.weights.map((item) => (typeof item === "number" ? item : null))
+      : [];
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "category",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      values,
+      weights,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      conditional_params: parseCategoryConditionalParams(column),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "subcategory") {
+    const mapping: Record<string, string[]> = {};
+    if (params.values && typeof params.values === "object") {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params.values)) {
+        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+          mapping[key] = value.filter((item) => typeof item === "string");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "subcategory",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_parent: readString(params.category) ?? "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      subcategory_mapping: mapping,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "uniform") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "uniform",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      low: readNumberString(params.low),
+      high: readNumberString(params.high),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "gaussian") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "gaussian",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      mean: readNumberString(params.mean),
+      std: readNumberString(params.std),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "bernoulli") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "bernoulli",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      p: readNumberString(params.p),
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "datetime") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "datetime",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_start: readString(params.start) ?? "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_end: readString(params.end) ?? "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      datetime_unit: readString(params.unit) ?? "",
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "timedelta") {
+    const rawUnit = readString(params.unit);
+    const unit =
+      rawUnit && TIMEDELTA_UNITS.has(rawUnit)
+        ? (rawUnit as "D" | "h" | "m" | "s")
+        : "D";
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "timedelta",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      dt_min: readNumberString(params.dt_min),
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      dt_max: readNumberString(params.dt_max),
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      reference_column_name: readString(params.reference_column_name) ?? "",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      timedelta_unit: unit,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (samplerType === "uuid") {
+    return {
+      id,
+      kind: "sampler",
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      sampler_type: "uuid",
+      name,
+      drop,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      uuid_format: readString(params.format) ?? "",
+    };
+  }
+
+  const ageRange =
+    Array.isArray(params.age_range) &&
+    params.age_range.length === 2 &&
+    params.age_range.every((item) => typeof item === "number")
+      ? `${params.age_range[0]}-${params.age_range[1]}`
+      : readString(params.age_range) ?? "";
+
+  const base: SamplerConfig = {
+    id,
+    kind: "sampler",
+    name,
+    drop,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    sampler_type: samplerType as SamplerType,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    convert_to: normalizedConvertTo,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_locale: readString(params.locale) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_sex: readString(params.sex) ?? "",
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_age_range: ageRange,
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+    person_city: readString(params.city) ?? "",
+  };
+
+  if (samplerType === "person") {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
+      person_with_synthetic_personas:
+        typeof params.with_synthetic_personas === "boolean"
+          ? params.with_synthetic_personas
+          : false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return base;
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/index.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/index.ts
index 5a58103683..f4256047d8 100644
--- a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/index.ts
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/index.ts
@@ -1,422 +1,22 @@
-import type {
-  RecipeNodeData,
-  ExpressionConfig,
-  ExpressionDtype,
-  LayoutDirection,
-  LlmConfig,
-  LlmType,
-  ModelConfig,
-  ModelProviderConfig,
-  NodeConfig,
-  SamplerConfig,
-  SamplerType,
-} from "../types";
+export {
+  makeExpressionConfig,
+  makeLlmConfig,
+  makeModelConfig,
+  makeModelProviderConfig,
+  makeSamplerConfig,
+} from "./config-factories";
+export {
+  labelForExpression,
+  labelForLlm,
+  labelForSampler,
+} from "./config-labels";
+export {
+  isCategoryConfig,
+  isExpressionConfig,
+  isLlmConfig,
+  isSamplerConfig,
+  isSubcategoryConfig,
+} from "./config-type-guards";
+export { nextName } from "./naming";
+export { nodeDataFromConfig } from "./node-data";
 export { getConfigErrors } from "./validation";
-
-const SAMPLER_LABELS: Record<SamplerType, string> = {
-  category: "Category",
-  subcategory: "Subcategory",
-  uniform: "Uniform",
-  gaussian: "Gaussian",
-  bernoulli: "Bernoulli",
-  datetime: "Datetime",
-  timedelta: "Timedelta",
-  uuid: "UUID",
-  person: "Person",
-  person_from_faker: "Person (Faker)",
-};
-
-const LLM_LABELS: Record<LlmType, string> = {
-  text: "LLM Text",
-  structured: "LLM Structured",
-  code: "LLM Code",
-  judge: "LLM Judge",
-};
-
-const EXPRESSION_LABELS: Record<ExpressionDtype, string> = {
-  str: "Text",
-  int: "Int",
-  float: "Float",
-  bool: "Bool",
-};
-
-export function nextName(existing: NodeConfig[], prefix: string): string {
-  const counts = existing
-    .map((item) => item.name)
-    .filter((name) => name.startsWith(prefix))
-    .map((name) => {
-      const suffix = name.slice(prefix.length);
-      const num = Number.parseInt(suffix.replace("_", ""), 10);
-      return Number.isNaN(num) ? 0 : num;
-    });
-  const next = counts.length > 0 ? Math.max(...counts) + 1 : 1;
-  return `${prefix}_${next}`;
-}
-
-export function makeSamplerConfig(
-  id: string,
-  samplerType: SamplerType,
-  existing: NodeConfig[],
-): SamplerConfig {
-  const namePrefix =
-    samplerType === "subcategory" ? "subcategory" : samplerType;
-  const name = nextName(existing, namePrefix);
-  if (samplerType === "category") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "category",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      values: ["A", "B", "C"],
-      weights: [null, null, null],
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "subcategory") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "subcategory",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_parent: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      subcategory_mapping: {
-        // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: sample values
-        A: ["A1", "A2"],
-        // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: sample values
-        B: ["B1", "B2"],
-      },
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "uniform") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "uniform",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      low: "0",
-      high: "1",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "gaussian") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "gaussian",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      mean: "0",
-      std: "1",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "bernoulli") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "bernoulli",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      p: "0.5",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "datetime") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "datetime",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_start: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_end: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      datetime_unit: "day",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "timedelta") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "timedelta",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      dt_min: "0",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      dt_max: "1",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      reference_column_name: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      timedelta_unit: "D",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "uuid") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "uuid",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      uuid_format: "",
-    };
-  }
-  if (samplerType === "person_from_faker") {
-    return {
-      id,
-      kind: "sampler",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      sampler_type: "person_from_faker",
-      name,
-      drop: false,
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      person_locale: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      person_sex: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      person_age_range: "",
-      // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-      person_city: "",
-    };
-  }
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "sampler",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    sampler_type: "person",
-    name,
-    drop: false,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_locale: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_sex: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_age_range: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_city: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    person_with_synthetic_personas: false,
-  };
-}
-
-export function makeLlmConfig(
-  id: string,
-  llmType: LlmType,
-  existing: NodeConfig[],
-): LlmConfig {
-  let namePrefix = "llm_text";
-  if (llmType === "structured") {
-    namePrefix = "llm_structured";
-  } else if (llmType === "code") {
-    namePrefix = "llm_code";
-  } else if (llmType === "judge") {
-    namePrefix = "llm_judge";
-  }
-  const name = nextName(existing, namePrefix);
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "llm",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    llm_type: llmType,
-    name,
-    drop: false,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    model_alias: "allenai/olmo-3.1-32b-instruct",
-    prompt:
-      llmType === "judge"
-        ? "Evaluate the content using the scoring criteria below."
-        : "Write a response.",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    system_prompt: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    code_lang: llmType === "code" ? "python" : undefined,
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    output_format:
-      llmType === "structured" ? '{\n  "field": "string"\n}' : undefined,
-    scores:
-      llmType === "judge"
-        ? [
-            {
-              name: "Quality",
-              description: "Overall quality based on the criteria.",
-              options: [
-                { value: "1", description: "Poor" },
-                { value: "3", description: "Acceptable" },
-                { value: "5", description: "Excellent" },
-              ],
-            },
-          ]
-        : undefined,
-  };
-}
-
-export function makeModelProviderConfig(
-  id: string,
-  existing: NodeConfig[],
-): ModelProviderConfig {
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "model_provider",
-    name: nextName(existing, "provider"),
-    endpoint: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    provider_type: "openai",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    api_key_env: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    api_key: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    extra_headers: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    extra_body: "",
-  };
-}
-
-export function makeModelConfig(
-  id: string,
-  existing: NodeConfig[],
-): ModelConfig {
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "model_config",
-    name: nextName(existing, "model"),
-    model: "",
-    provider: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_temperature: "0.7",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_max_tokens: "256",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    inference_top_p: "",
-    // biome-ignore lint/style/useNamingConvention: api schema
-    skip_health_check: false,
-  };
-}
-
-export function makeExpressionConfig(
-  id: string,
-  existing: NodeConfig[],
-): ExpressionConfig {
-  return {
-    id,
-    kind: "expression",
-    name: nextName(existing, "expr"),
-    drop: false,
-    expr: "",
-    dtype: "str",
-  };
-}
-
-export function labelForSampler(type: SamplerType): string {
-  return SAMPLER_LABELS[type] ?? "Sampler";
-}
-
-export function labelForLlm(type: LlmType): string {
-  return LLM_LABELS[type] ?? "LLM";
-}
-
-export function labelForExpression(type: ExpressionDtype): string {
-  return EXPRESSION_LABELS[type] ?? "Expression";
-}
-
-export function nodeDataFromConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig,
-  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection = "LR",
-): RecipeNodeData {
-  if (config.kind === "sampler") {
-    return {
-      title: "Sampler",
-      kind: "sampler",
-      subtype: labelForSampler(config.sampler_type),
-      blockType: config.sampler_type,
-      name: config.name,
-      layoutDirection,
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "expression") {
-    return {
-      title: "Expression",
-      kind: "expression",
-      subtype: labelForExpression(config.dtype),
-      blockType: "expression",
-      name: config.name,
-      layoutDirection,
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "model_provider") {
-    return {
-      title: "Model Provider",
-      kind: "model_provider",
-      subtype: config.provider_type || "Provider",
-      blockType: "model_provider",
-      name: config.name,
-      layoutDirection,
-    };
-  }
-  if (config.kind === "model_config") {
-    return {
-      title: "Model Config",
-      kind: "model_config",
-      subtype: config.model || "Model",
-      blockType: "model_config",
-      name: config.name,
-      layoutDirection,
-    };
-  }
-  return {
-    title: "LLM",
-    kind: "llm",
-    subtype: labelForLlm(config.llm_type),
-    blockType: config.llm_type,
-    name: config.name,
-    layoutDirection,
-  };
-}
-
-export function isSamplerConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
-): config is SamplerConfig {
-  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "sampler");
-}
-
-export function isCategoryConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
-): config is SamplerConfig {
-  return Boolean(
-    config && config.kind === "sampler" && config.sampler_type === "category",
-  );
-}
-
-export function isSubcategoryConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
-): config is SamplerConfig {
-  return Boolean(
-    config &&
-      config.kind === "sampler" &&
-      config.sampler_type === "subcategory",
-  );
-}
-
-export function isLlmConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
-): config is LlmConfig {
-  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "llm");
-}
-
-export function isExpressionConfig(
-  config: NodeConfig | null | undefined,
-): config is ExpressionConfig {
-  return Boolean(config && config.kind === "expression");
-}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/naming.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/naming.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..664ed62c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/naming.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { NodeConfig } from "../types";
+
+export function nextName(existing: NodeConfig[], prefix: string): string {
+  const counts = existing
+    .map((item) => item.name)
+    .filter((name) => name.startsWith(prefix))
+    .map((name) => {
+      const suffix = name.slice(prefix.length);
+      const num = Number.parseInt(suffix.replace("_", ""), 10);
+      return Number.isNaN(num) ? 0 : num;
+    });
+  const next = counts.length > 0 ? Math.max(...counts) + 1 : 1;
+  return `${prefix}_${next}`;
+}
diff --git a/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/node-data.ts b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/node-data.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b0bf5cf35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/frontend/src/features/recipe-studio/utils/node-data.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { RecipeNodeData, LayoutDirection, NodeConfig } from "../types";
+import {
+  labelForExpression,
+  labelForLlm,
+  labelForSampler,
+} from "./config-labels";
+
+export function nodeDataFromConfig(
+  config: NodeConfig,
+  layoutDirection: LayoutDirection = "LR",
+): RecipeNodeData {
+  if (config.kind === "sampler") {
+    return {
+      title: "Sampler",
+      kind: "sampler",
+      subtype: labelForSampler(config.sampler_type),
+      blockType: config.sampler_type,
+      name: config.name,
+      layoutDirection,
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "expression") {
+    return {
+      title: "Expression",
+      kind: "expression",
+      subtype: labelForExpression(config.dtype),
+      blockType: "expression",
+      name: config.name,
+      layoutDirection,
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "model_provider") {
+    return {
+      title: "Model Provider",
+      kind: "model_provider",
+      subtype: config.provider_type || "Provider",
+      blockType: "model_provider",
+      name: config.name,
+      layoutDirection,
+    };
+  }
+  if (config.kind === "model_config") {
+    return {
+      title: "Model Config",
+      kind: "model_config",
+      subtype: config.model || "Model",
+      blockType: "model_config",
+      name: config.name,
+      layoutDirection,
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    title: "LLM",
+    kind: "llm",
+    subtype: labelForLlm(config.llm_type),
+    blockType: config.llm_type,
+    name: config.name,
+    layoutDirection,
+  };
+}