Studio: clearer MCP server validation when stdio is disabled (#5928)

Improve the rejection message when an MCP server address is not an http(s) URL. It now points to the expected http(s):// form with an example, and only mentions that local commands are disabled when the value contains whitespace (a reliable command signal), since a lone token may just be a scheme-less URL. Wording is host-scoped rather than desktop-only because self-hosted hosts can opt in via an env var. Backend only, with tests; accepted input is unchanged.

studio/backend/routes/mcp_servers.py

@@ -32,14 +32,21 @@ logger = structlog.get_logger(__name__)
 router = APIRouter()
 
 
+def _looks_like_command(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Whitespace is a one-way signal: a URL can't hold an unencoded space, so a
+    value with whitespace is definitely a command. No whitespace proves nothing
+    (a lone token may be a single-arg command or a scheme-less URL)."""
+    return any(ch.isspace() for ch in value)
+
+
 def _validate_url(url: str) -> str:
     trimmed = (url or "").strip()
     if not trimmed:
         raise HTTPException(status_code = 400, detail = "url must not be empty")
     # When stdio is enabled on this host, a non-HTTP value is a local command.
     # Reuse this field so stdio servers ride the existing CRUD/storage with no
-    # schema change. When stdio is disabled the value falls through to the
-    # http-only validation below, so non-HTTP input is just a bad URL (400).
+    # schema change. A lone token (example.com, /usr/bin/srv) is ambiguous, so we
+    # keep the existing behaviour and treat any non-HTTP value as a command here.
     if stdio_mcp_enabled() and is_stdio(trimmed):
         try:
             parts = parse_stdio_command(trimmed)
@@ -58,10 +65,15 @@ def _validate_url(url: str) -> str:
         return trimmed
     parsed = urlparse(trimmed)
     if parsed.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code = 400,
-            detail = "url must start with http:// or https://",
+        detail = (
+            "MCP server address must start with http:// or https:// "
+            "(for example https://example.com/mcp)."
         )
+        # Host-scoped wording ("this server"), not "desktop only": self-hosted
+        # hosts can opt in via the env var.
+        if _looks_like_command(trimmed):
+            detail += " Running a local command is not enabled on this server."
+        raise HTTPException(status_code = 400, detail = detail)
     if not parsed.netloc:
         raise HTTPException(status_code = 400, detail = "url is missing a host")
     return trimmed

studio/backend/tests/test_mcp_stdio_pr5863.py

@@ -200,12 +200,40 @@ def test_validate_url_gate_off_rejects_stdio(monkeypatch):
     from routes.mcp_servers import _validate_url
 
     assert _validate_url("https://example.com/mcp") == "https://example.com/mcp"
-    for bad in ["npx server", "python -m mod", "ftp://host"]:
+    # urlparse reads "localhost:8000" scheme as "localhost", so it lands here too.
+    for bad in [
+        "npx server",
+        "python -m mod",
+        "ftp://host",
+        "example.com",
+        "localhost:8000",
+        r"C:\node\node.exe server.js",
+    ]:
         with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
             _validate_url(bad)
         assert exc.value.status_code == 400
 
 
+def test_validate_url_gate_off_message_depends_on_whitespace(monkeypatch):
+    # The message names a command only when the value has whitespace, and never
+    # says "desktop app only" (self-hosted hosts can opt in via the env var).
+    _disable(monkeypatch)
+    from routes.mcp_servers import _validate_url
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        _validate_url("npx -y @modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem /tmp")
+    cmd = exc.value.detail.lower()
+    assert "http://" in cmd and "https://" in cmd
+    assert "local command" in cmd
+    assert "desktop app" not in cmd
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        _validate_url("example.com")
+    lone = exc.value.detail.lower()
+    assert "http://" in lone and "https://" in lone
+    assert "local command" not in lone
+
+
 def test_validate_url_gate_on_accepts_stdio(monkeypatch):
     _enable(monkeypatch)
     from routes.mcp_servers import _validate_url
@@ -217,6 +245,12 @@ def test_validate_url_gate_on_accepts_stdio(monkeypatch):
     assert _validate_url("npx server --url https://x/mcp") == (
         "npx server --url https://x/mcp"
     )
+    # A lone token is ambiguous; keep the prior behaviour and accept it as a
+    # command rather than guessing it's a URL (no regression for single binaries).
+    assert (
+        _validate_url("/usr/local/bin/my-mcp-server") == "/usr/local/bin/my-mcp-server"
+    )
+    assert _validate_url("mcp-server-sqlite") == "mcp-server-sqlite"
     # empty / unparseable still rejected
     for bad in ["   ", '"unclosed']:
         with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc: