diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts b/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
index 5068b913ad..5a93cb8612 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
@@ -1,268 +1,384 @@
 export * as SessionRunCoordinator from "./run-coordinator"
 
-import { Cause, Context, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, FiberSet, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
+import {
+  Cause,
+  Context,
+  Data,
+  Deferred,
+  Effect,
+  Equal,
+  Exit,
+  Fiber,
+  FiberSet,
+  Layer,
+  Scope,
+  SynchronizedRef,
+} from "effect"
 import { SessionRunner } from "./runner"
 import { SessionSchema } from "./schema"
 
 export type Mode = "run" | "wake"
 
-/** Why one drain generation should run. Explicit runs dominate advisory wakes when demands coalesce. */
-type Demand = { readonly _tag: "run" } | { readonly _tag: "wake"; readonly seq?: number }
-
-/**
- * Runs at most one drain chain per key while allowing different keys to drain concurrently.
- *
- * For each key:
- *
- *   idle --run/wake--> draining --run/wake--> draining + one coalesced rerun --> idle
- *
- * `run` is an explicit drain request. It starts a chain or joins the current chain and
- * upgrades a pending follow-up so the caller receives explicit-run semantics.
- *
- * `wake` reports that durable work may now be available. It starts a chain while idle or
- * requests one coalesced follow-up while draining. Repeated wakes collapse together.
- *
- * `interrupt` stops the current ownership chain. Advisory wakes from before the interrupt
- * boundary are suppressed; advisory wakes after the boundary run after cleanup.
- */
 export interface Coordinator<Key, A, E> {
-  /** Starts or joins one explicit drain generation. */
   readonly run: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<A, E>
-  /** Coalesces one wake-up after durable work is recorded. */
   readonly wake: (key: Key, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  /** Waits until the current ownership chain settles. */
   readonly awaitIdle: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<void, E>
-  /** Interrupts the active ownership chain without automatically draining pending wakes. */
   readonly interrupt: (key: Key, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-/** One Session's process-local execution lane: one active demand and at most one coalesced follow-up. */
-type Entry<A, E> = {
-  readonly done: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>
-  readonly settled: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
-  current: Demand
-  pending?: Demand
-  explicitWaiter?: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>
-  interruptSeq?: number
-  owner?: Fiber.Fiber<void, never>
-  stopping: boolean
+/** @internal */
+export class Demand extends Data.Class<{
+  readonly explicit: boolean
+  readonly wakeSeq?: number
+  readonly unsequencedWake: boolean
+}> {
+  static readonly empty = new Demand({ explicit: false, wakeSeq: undefined, unsequencedWake: false })
+  static readonly run = nonEmpty(new Demand({ explicit: true, wakeSeq: undefined, unsequencedWake: false }))
+
+  static wake(seq?: number) {
+    return nonEmpty(new Demand({ explicit: false, wakeSeq: seq, unsequencedWake: seq === undefined }))
+  }
+
+  combine(other: Demand) {
+    return new Demand({
+      explicit: this.explicit || other.explicit,
+      wakeSeq:
+        this.wakeSeq === undefined
+          ? other.wakeSeq
+          : other.wakeSeq === undefined
+            ? this.wakeSeq
+            : Math.max(this.wakeSeq, other.wakeSeq),
+      unsequencedWake: this.unsequencedWake || other.unsequencedWake,
+    })
+  }
+
+  afterBoundary(boundary?: number) {
+    return new Demand({
+      explicit: false,
+      wakeSeq:
+        boundary !== undefined && this.wakeSeq !== undefined && this.wakeSeq > boundary ? this.wakeSeq : undefined,
+      unsequencedWake: false,
+    })
+  }
+
+  isNonEmpty(): this is NonEmptyDemand {
+    return this.explicit || this.wakeSeq !== undefined || this.unsequencedWake
+  }
+
+  get mode(): Mode {
+    return this.explicit ? "run" : "wake"
+  }
 }
 
-/** Combines follow-up demand: runs dominate, while wakes retain the newest durable admission sequence. */
-const coalesce = (left: Demand | undefined, right: Demand): Demand => {
-  if (left?._tag === "run" || right._tag === "run") return { _tag: "run" }
-  return { _tag: "wake", seq: maxSeq(left?.seq, right.seq) }
+type NonEmptyDemand = Demand &
+  ({ readonly explicit: true } | { readonly wakeSeq: number } | { readonly unsequencedWake: true })
+
+function nonEmpty(demand: Demand): NonEmptyDemand {
+  if (!demand.isNonEmpty()) throw new Error("Session run demand must not be empty")
+  return demand
 }
 
-const maxSeq = (left: number | undefined, right: number | undefined) => {
-  if (left === undefined) return right
-  if (right === undefined) return left
-  return Math.max(left, right)
+type Lifecycle =
+  | { readonly _tag: "Running"; readonly token: object; readonly owner: Deferred.Deferred<Fiber.Fiber<void>> }
+  | {
+      readonly _tag: "Stopping"
+      readonly token: object
+      readonly owner: Deferred.Deferred<Fiber.Fiber<void>>
+      readonly boundary?: number
+    }
+
+type Lane<A, E> = {
+  readonly current: NonEmptyDemand
+  readonly pending: Demand
+  readonly lifecycle: Lifecycle
+  readonly terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+  readonly waiter?: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+}
+
+type State<Key, A, E> = {
+  readonly closed: boolean
+  readonly lanes: ReadonlyMap<Key, Lane<A, E>>
+  readonly interruptSeq: ReadonlyMap<Key, number>
+}
+
+type Start<Key, A, E> = {
+  readonly key: Key
+  readonly demand: NonEmptyDemand
+  readonly successor: boolean
+  readonly token: object
+  readonly owner: Deferred.Deferred<Fiber.Fiber<void>>
+  readonly ready: Deferred.Deferred<void>
+  readonly terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+}
+
+type RunRequest<Key, A, E> =
+  | { readonly _tag: "Closed" }
+  | { readonly _tag: "Await"; readonly terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>> }
+  | { readonly _tag: "Retry"; readonly terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>> }
+  | { readonly _tag: "Start"; readonly start: Start<Key, A, E>; readonly terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>> }
+
+type Completion<Key, A, E> = {
+  readonly start?: Start<Key, A, E>
+  readonly terminal?: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+  readonly waiter?: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+  readonly report?: Cause.Cause<E>
 }
 
-/** Constructs a scoped coordinator. Every in-memory transition is synchronous. */
 export const make = <Key, A, E>(options: {
   readonly drain: (key: Key, mode: Mode) => Effect.Effect<A, E>
   readonly onFailure?: (key: Key, cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }): Effect.Effect<Coordinator<Key, A, E>, never, Scope.Scope> =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const active = new Map<Key, Entry<A, E>>()
-    const interruptSeq = new Map<Key, number>()
-    const report = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
+    const state = yield* SynchronizedRef.make<State<Key, A, E>>({
+      closed: false,
+      lanes: new Map(),
+      interruptSeq: new Map(),
+    })
     const fork = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
     const shutdown = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
-    let closed = false
-    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        closed = true
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(shutdown, Effect.void)
-        active.clear()
-        interruptSeq.clear()
-      }),
-    )
 
-    const makeEntry = (current: Demand, explicitWaiter?: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>): Entry<A, E> => ({
-      done: Deferred.makeUnsafe<A, E>(),
-      settled: Deferred.makeUnsafe<Exit.Exit<A, E>>(),
-      current,
-      explicitWaiter,
-      stopping: false,
-    })
-
-    const start = (key: Key, entry: Entry<A, E>, demand: Demand, successor = false) => {
-      const ready = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
-      const drain = Effect.suspend(() => options.drain(key, demand._tag))
-      // Initial work retains immediate-start behavior but cannot run before ownership is published.
-      // Observer-started successors yield once so synchronous drains cannot recurse on the JS stack.
-      const owner = fork(
-        (successor
-          ? Effect.yieldNow.pipe(Effect.andThen(drain))
-          : Deferred.await(ready).pipe(Effect.andThen(drain))
-        ).pipe(
-          Effect.onExit((exit) => Effect.sync(() => settle(key, entry, demand, exit))),
-          Effect.exit,
-          Effect.asVoid,
-        ),
-      )
-      entry.owner = owner
-      if (!successor) Deferred.doneUnsafe(ready, Effect.void)
+    const updateLane = (current: State<Key, A, E>, key: Key, lane?: Lane<A, E>): State<Key, A, E> => {
+      const lanes = new Map(current.lanes)
+      if (lane === undefined) lanes.delete(key)
+      else lanes.set(key, lane)
+      return { ...current, lanes }
     }
 
-    const settle = (key: Key, entry: Entry<A, E>, demand: Demand, exit: Exit.Exit<A, E>) => {
-      if (closed) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-        return
+    const start = (input: {
+      readonly state: State<Key, A, E>
+      readonly key: Key
+      readonly demand: NonEmptyDemand
+      readonly terminal?: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+      readonly waiter?: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
+      readonly successor?: boolean
+    }) => {
+      const instruction: Start<Key, A, E> = {
+        key: input.key,
+        demand: input.demand,
+        successor: input.successor ?? false,
+        token: {},
+        owner: Deferred.makeUnsafe<Fiber.Fiber<void>>(),
+        ready: Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>(),
+        terminal: input.terminal ?? Deferred.makeUnsafe<Exit.Exit<A, E>>(),
       }
-      if (demand._tag === "run" && entry.explicitWaiter !== undefined) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.explicitWaiter, exit)
-        entry.explicitWaiter = undefined
+      return {
+        state: updateLane(input.state, input.key, {
+          current: input.demand,
+          pending: Demand.empty,
+          lifecycle: { _tag: "Running", token: instruction.token, owner: instruction.owner },
+          terminal: instruction.terminal,
+          waiter: input.waiter,
+        }),
+        start: instruction,
+        result: instruction.terminal,
       }
-      if (entry.stopping && demand._tag === "wake" && entry.explicitWaiter !== undefined) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.explicitWaiter, exit)
-        entry.explicitWaiter = undefined
-      }
-      if (active.get(key) !== entry) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-        return
-      }
-      if (exit._tag === "Success" && !entry.stopping) {
-        if (entry.pending !== undefined) {
-          const pending = entry.pending
-          entry.pending = undefined
-          entry.current = pending
-          start(key, entry, pending, true)
-          return
+    }
+
+    const launch = (instruction: Start<Key, A, E>) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const fiber = fork(
+          Deferred.await(instruction.ready).pipe(
+            Effect.andThen(instruction.successor ? Effect.yieldNow : Effect.void),
+            Effect.andThen(Effect.suspend(() => options.drain(instruction.key, instruction.demand.mode))),
+            Effect.onExit((exit) => complete(instruction.key, instruction.token, exit)),
+            Effect.exit,
+            Effect.asVoid,
+          ),
+        )
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(instruction.owner, fiber)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(instruction.ready, undefined)
+      })
+
+    const complete = (key: Key, token: object, exit: Exit.Exit<A, E>): Effect.Effect<void> => {
+      return SynchronizedRef.modify(state, (current): readonly [Completion<Key, A, E>, State<Key, A, E>] => {
+        const lane = current.lanes.get(key)
+        if (lane === undefined || lane.lifecycle.token !== token) return [{}, current]
+
+        const deliberateInterrupt =
+          lane.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" && exit._tag === "Failure" && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)
+        const report =
+          exit._tag === "Failure" && !deliberateInterrupt && !lane.current.explicit ? exit.cause : undefined
+        const completesWaiter = lane.current.explicit || (lane.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" && !lane.current.explicit)
+        const waiter = completesWaiter ? undefined : lane.waiter
+
+        if (exit._tag === "Success" && lane.lifecycle._tag === "Running" && lane.pending.isNonEmpty()) {
+          const next = start({
+            state: current,
+            key,
+            demand: lane.pending,
+            terminal: lane.terminal,
+            waiter,
+            successor: true,
+          })
+          return [{ start: next.start, waiter: completesWaiter ? lane.waiter : undefined, report }, next.state]
         }
-        active.delete(key)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-        return
-      }
 
-      const successor = entry.pending !== undefined ? makeEntry(entry.pending, entry.explicitWaiter) : undefined
-      if (successor === undefined) active.delete(key)
-      else active.set(key, successor)
-      if (successor !== undefined) start(key, successor, successor.current, true)
-      Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-      Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-      if (
-        exit._tag === "Failure" &&
-        !(entry.stopping && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)) &&
-        demand._tag === "wake" &&
-        options.onFailure !== undefined
-      ) {
-        report(Effect.suspend(() => options.onFailure!(key, exit.cause)))
-      }
+        const next = lane.pending.isNonEmpty()
+          ? start({ state: current, key, demand: lane.pending, waiter, successor: true })
+          : { state: updateLane(current, key) }
+        return [
+          {
+            start: "start" in next ? next.start : undefined,
+            terminal: lane.terminal,
+            waiter: completesWaiter ? lane.waiter : undefined,
+            report,
+          },
+          next.state,
+        ]
+      }).pipe(Effect.flatMap((instruction) => executeCompletion(key, exit, instruction)))
     }
 
+    const executeCompletion = (key: Key, exit: Exit.Exit<A, E>, instruction: Completion<Key, A, E>) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        if (instruction.start !== undefined) yield* launch(instruction.start)
+        if (instruction.waiter !== undefined) yield* Deferred.succeed(instruction.waiter, exit)
+        if (instruction.terminal !== undefined) yield* Deferred.succeed(instruction.terminal, exit)
+        if (instruction.report !== undefined && options.onFailure !== undefined) {
+          const onFailure = options.onFailure
+          const cause = instruction.report
+          fork(Effect.suspend(() => onFailure(key, cause)).pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.asVoid))
+        }
+      })
+
+    const awaitTerminal = (terminal: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>) =>
+      Effect.raceFirst(
+        Deferred.await(terminal).pipe(
+          Effect.flatMap(
+            Exit.match({
+              onSuccess: Effect.succeed,
+              onFailure: Effect.failCause,
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+        Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.interrupt)),
+      )
+
+    const run = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<A, E> =>
+      Effect.suspend(() =>
+        Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) => {
+          return SynchronizedRef.modify(state, (current): readonly [RunRequest<Key, A, E>, State<Key, A, E>] => {
+            if (current.closed) return [{ _tag: "Closed" }, current]
+            const lane = current.lanes.get(key)
+            if (lane?.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping") return [{ _tag: "Retry", terminal: lane.terminal }, current]
+            if (lane?.current.explicit) return [{ _tag: "Await", terminal: lane.terminal }, current]
+            if (lane !== undefined) {
+              const terminal = lane.waiter ?? Deferred.makeUnsafe<Exit.Exit<A, E>>()
+              const pending = lane.pending.combine(Demand.run)
+              if (Equal.equals(pending, lane.pending) && lane.waiter !== undefined)
+                return [{ _tag: "Await", terminal }, current]
+              return [{ _tag: "Await", terminal }, updateLane(current, key, { ...lane, pending, waiter: terminal })]
+            }
+            const next = start({ state: current, key, demand: Demand.run })
+            return [{ _tag: "Start", start: next.start, terminal: next.result }, next.state]
+          }).pipe(
+            Effect.flatMap((request) => {
+              if (request._tag === "Closed") return Effect.interrupt
+              if (request._tag === "Start")
+                return launch(request.start).pipe(Effect.andThen(awaitTerminal(request.terminal)))
+              if (request._tag === "Await") return awaitTerminal(request.terminal)
+              return Effect.raceFirst(
+                Deferred.await(request.terminal).pipe(Effect.as(true)),
+                Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.as(false)),
+              ).pipe(Effect.flatMap((retry) => (retry ? run(key) : Effect.interrupt)))
+            }),
+            restore,
+          )
+        }),
+      )
+
     const wake = (key: Key, seq?: number) =>
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        if (closed) return
-        if (!isAfterInterrupt(key, seq)) return
-        const entry = active.get(key)
-        if (entry !== undefined) {
-          if (!acceptsWake(entry, seq)) return
-          entry.pending = coalesce(entry.pending, { _tag: "wake", seq })
-          return
-        }
+      Effect.uninterruptible(
+        Effect.suspend(() => {
+          return SynchronizedRef.modify(state, (current): readonly [Start<Key, A, E> | undefined, State<Key, A, E>] => {
+            if (current.closed) return [undefined, current]
+            const boundary = current.interruptSeq.get(key)
+            if (boundary !== undefined && (seq === undefined || seq <= boundary)) return [undefined, current]
+            const lane = current.lanes.get(key)
+            if (lane === undefined) {
+              const next = start({ state: current, key, demand: Demand.wake(seq) })
+              return [next.start, next.state]
+            }
+            if (
+              lane.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" &&
+              (lane.lifecycle.boundary === undefined || seq === undefined || seq <= lane.lifecycle.boundary)
+            )
+              return [undefined, current]
+            const pending = lane.pending.combine(Demand.wake(seq))
+            if (Equal.equals(pending, lane.pending)) return [undefined, current]
+            return [undefined, updateLane(current, key, { ...lane, pending })]
+          }).pipe(Effect.flatMap((instruction) => (instruction === undefined ? Effect.void : launch(instruction))))
+        }),
+      )
 
-        const next = makeEntry({ _tag: "wake", seq })
-        active.set(key, next)
-        start(key, next, next.current)
-      })
+    const interrupt = (key: Key, seq?: number) =>
+      Effect.uninterruptible(
+        SynchronizedRef.modify(state, (current) => {
+          if (current.closed) return [undefined, current] as const
+          const latest = current.interruptSeq.get(key)
+          const lane = current.lanes.get(key)
+          if (seq !== undefined && latest !== undefined && seq <= latest)
+            return [lane?.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" ? lane.lifecycle.owner : undefined, current] as const
+
+          const bounded = (() => {
+            if (seq === undefined) return current
+            const interruptSeq = new Map(current.interruptSeq)
+            interruptSeq.set(key, seq)
+            return { ...current, interruptSeq }
+          })()
+          if (lane === undefined) return [undefined, bounded] as const
+          if (
+            !lane.current.explicit &&
+            seq !== undefined &&
+            lane.current.wakeSeq !== undefined &&
+            lane.current.wakeSeq > seq
+          )
+            return [undefined, bounded] as const
+
+          const pending = lane.current.afterBoundary(seq).combine(lane.pending.afterBoundary(seq))
+          const boundary =
+            lane.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" && lane.lifecycle.boundary !== undefined && seq !== undefined
+              ? Math.max(lane.lifecycle.boundary, seq)
+              : lane.lifecycle._tag === "Stopping" && seq === undefined
+                ? lane.lifecycle.boundary
+                : seq
+          return [
+            lane.lifecycle.owner,
+            updateLane(bounded, key, {
+              ...lane,
+              pending,
+              lifecycle: { _tag: "Stopping", token: lane.lifecycle.token, owner: lane.lifecycle.owner, boundary },
+            }),
+          ] as const
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.flatMap((owner) =>
+            owner === undefined ? Effect.void : Deferred.await(owner).pipe(Effect.flatMap(Fiber.interrupt)),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
 
     const awaitIdle = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<void, E> =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        let firstFailure: Cause.Cause<E> | undefined
-        while (!closed) {
-          const entry = active.get(key)
-          if (entry === undefined) break
+        let failure: Cause.Cause<E> | undefined
+        while (true) {
+          const terminal = (yield* SynchronizedRef.get(state)).lanes.get(key)?.terminal
+          if (terminal === undefined) break
           const exit = yield* Effect.raceFirst(
-            Deferred.await(entry.settled),
+            Deferred.await(terminal),
             Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.as(Exit.void)),
           )
-          if (closed) break
-          if (exit._tag === "Failure" && firstFailure === undefined) firstFailure = exit.cause
+          if (exit._tag === "Failure" && failure === undefined) failure = exit.cause
         }
-        if (firstFailure !== undefined) return yield* Effect.failCause(firstFailure)
+        if (failure !== undefined) return yield* Effect.failCause(failure)
       })
 
-    const interrupt = (key: Key, seq?: number): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-      Effect.suspend(() => {
-        const entry = active.get(key)
-        const latest = interruptSeq.get(key)
-        if (seq !== undefined && latest !== undefined && seq <= latest)
-          return entry?.stopping && entry.owner !== undefined ? Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner) : Effect.void
-        if (seq !== undefined) interruptSeq.set(key, seq)
-        if (entry?.owner === undefined) return Effect.void
-        if (
-          seq !== undefined &&
-          entry.current._tag === "wake" &&
-          entry.current.seq !== undefined &&
-          entry.current.seq > seq
-        )
-          return Effect.void
-        if (entry.stopping) {
-          entry.interruptSeq = maxSeq(entry.interruptSeq, seq)
-          suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry, seq)
-          return Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner)
-        }
-        entry.stopping = true
-        entry.interruptSeq = seq
-        suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry, seq)
-        return Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner)
-      })
+    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+      SynchronizedRef.modify(state, (_current) => [
+        undefined,
+        { closed: true, lanes: new Map(), interruptSeq: new Map() } satisfies State<Key, A, E>,
+      ]).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(shutdown, undefined))),
+    )
 
-    return { run, wake, awaitIdle, interrupt }
-
-    function run(key: Key): Effect.Effect<A, E> {
-      return Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) => {
-        if (closed) return Effect.interrupt
-        const entry = active.get(key)
-        if (entry !== undefined) {
-          if (entry.stopping) {
-            return restore(Deferred.await(entry.settled).pipe(Effect.andThen(run(key))))
-          }
-          if (entry.current._tag === "wake") {
-            entry.pending = coalesce(entry.pending, { _tag: "run" })
-            entry.explicitWaiter ??= Deferred.makeUnsafe<A, E>()
-            return restore(awaitRun(entry.explicitWaiter))
-          }
-          return restore(awaitRun(entry.done))
-        }
-
-        const next = makeEntry({ _tag: "run" })
-        active.set(key, next)
-        start(key, next, next.current)
-        return restore(awaitRun(next.done))
-      })
-    }
-
-    function awaitRun(done: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>): Effect.Effect<A, E> {
-      return Effect.raceFirst(Deferred.await(done), Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.interrupt)))
-    }
-
-    function acceptsWake(entry: Entry<A, E>, seq: number | undefined) {
-      return !entry.stopping || (entry.interruptSeq !== undefined && seq !== undefined && seq > entry.interruptSeq)
-    }
-
-    function isAfterInterrupt(key: Key, seq: number | undefined) {
-      const latest = interruptSeq.get(key)
-      return latest === undefined || (seq !== undefined && seq > latest)
-    }
-
-    function suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry: Entry<A, E>, seq: number | undefined) {
-      if (
-        entry.pending?._tag === "wake" &&
-        seq !== undefined &&
-        entry.pending.seq !== undefined &&
-        entry.pending.seq > seq
-      )
-        return
-      entry.pending = undefined
-    }
+    return { run, wake, interrupt, awaitIdle }
   })
 
 export interface Interface extends Coordinator<SessionSchema.ID, void, SessionRunner.RunError> {}
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
index 39fb5779d3..502f6bcc85 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,34 @@
-import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Equal, Exit, Fiber, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
 import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/run-coordinator"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(Layer.empty)
 
+describe("SessionRunCoordinator.Demand", () => {
+  const Demand = SessionRunCoordinator.Demand
+
+  test("combines associatively with an identity", () => {
+    const left = Demand.run.combine(Demand.wake(1))
+    const right = Demand.wake().combine(Demand.wake(3))
+
+    expect(Equal.equals(Demand.empty.combine(left), left)).toBeTrue()
+    expect(Equal.equals(left.combine(Demand.empty), left)).toBeTrue()
+    expect(Equal.equals(left.combine(right), right.combine(left))).toBeTrue()
+    expect(
+      Equal.equals(left.combine(right).combine(Demand.wake(2)), left.combine(right.combine(Demand.wake(2)))),
+    ).toBeTrue()
+  })
+
+  test("keeps only sequenced wakes newer than an interrupt boundary", () => {
+    const demand = Demand.run.combine(Demand.wake()).combine(Demand.wake(3))
+
+    expect(Equal.equals(demand.afterBoundary(2), Demand.wake(3))).toBeTrue()
+    expect(Equal.equals(demand.afterBoundary(3), Demand.empty)).toBeTrue()
+    expect(Equal.equals(demand.afterBoundary(), Demand.empty)).toBeTrue()
+  })
+})
+
 describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
   it.effect("joins concurrent resumes for one key", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
@@ -29,6 +53,51 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
     ),
   )
 
+  it.effect("allocates fresh ownership when one run effect is reused", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        let runs = 0
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({ drain: () => Effect.sync(() => runs++) })
+        const run = coordinator.run("session")
+
+        yield* run
+        yield* run
+
+        expect(runs).toBe(2)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("captures awaitIdle chains safely while settlement races", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const iterations = 500
+        const gates = Array.from({ length: iterations }, () => Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>())
+        let runs = 0
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
+          drain: () =>
+            Effect.suspend(() => {
+              const gate = gates[runs++]
+              return gate === undefined ? Effect.die("Missing test gate") : Deferred.await(gate)
+            }),
+        })
+
+        for (let index = 0; index < iterations; index++) {
+          const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+          yield* Effect.yieldNow
+          const idle = yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true }))
+          const gate = gates[index]
+          if (gate === undefined) yield* Effect.die("Missing test gate")
+          yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
+          yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(run), Fiber.join(idle)])
+        }
+
+        expect(runs).toBe(iterations)
+        return undefined
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
   it.effect("starts a drain when woken while idle", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -122,6 +191,106 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
     ),
   )
 
+  it.effect("preserves a newer wake coalesced behind a pending explicit run", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
+          drain: (_key, mode) =>
+            Effect.sync(() => modes.push(mode)).pipe(
+              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
+                run === 1
+                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never))
+                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
+              ),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
+        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
+        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
+        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
+
+        const runExit = yield* Fiber.join(run)
+        expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+        expect(modes).toEqual(["wake", "wake"])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("preserves a newer wake from an interrupted active combined demand", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const thirdStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
+          drain: (_key, mode) =>
+            Effect.sync(() => modes.push(mode)).pipe(
+              Effect.flatMap((run) => {
+                if (run === 1) return Deferred.await(firstGate)
+                if (run === 2) return Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never))
+                return Deferred.succeed(thirdStarted, undefined)
+              }),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
+        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
+        yield* Deferred.await(thirdStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
+
+        const runExit = yield* Fiber.join(run)
+        expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+        expect(modes).toEqual(["wake", "run", "wake"])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("suppresses an older wake from an interrupted active combined demand", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
+          drain: (_key, mode) =>
+            Effect.sync(() => modes.push(mode)).pipe(
+              Effect.flatMap((run) => {
+                if (run === 1) return Deferred.await(firstGate)
+                return Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never))
+              }),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
+        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 2)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
+        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
+
+        const runExit = yield* Fiber.join(run)
+        expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+        expect(modes).toEqual(["wake", "run"])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
   it.effect("interrupts only the requested key", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -316,6 +485,53 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
     ),
   )
 
+  it.effect("does not let an interrupted attempt completion settle its successor", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const idleSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        let runs = 0
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
+          drain: () =>
+            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
+              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
+                run === 1
+                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
+                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
+                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
+                        Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
+                      ),
+                    )
+                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(secondGate))),
+              ),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
+        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
+        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
+        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+        const idle = yield* coordinator
+          .awaitIdle("session")
+          .pipe(Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(idleSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
+
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(idleSettled)).toBeFalse()
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
+        yield* Fiber.join(idle)
+        expect(runs).toBe(2)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
   it.effect("interrupts an explicit run queued before the interruption request", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -847,6 +1063,37 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("settles a post-stop run waiter when its owning scope closes", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const scope = yield* Scope.make()
+      const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
+        drain: () =>
+          Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
+            Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
+            Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
+              Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
+            ),
+          ),
+      }).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
+
+      yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+      yield* Deferred.await(started)
+      const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+      yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
+      const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+      const close = yield* Scope.close(scope, Exit.void).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+
+      const runExit = yield* Fiber.await(run)
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
+      yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
+      yield* Fiber.join(close)
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("does not start work after its owning scope closes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const scope = yield* Scope.make()