diff --git a/packages/ai/src/protocols/anthropic-messages.ts b/packages/ai/src/protocols/anthropic-messages.ts
index db0a0e34a1..b3a35f986e 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/protocols/anthropic-messages.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/protocols/anthropic-messages.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   type JsonSchema,
   type LLMRequest,
   type MediaPart,
+  type ProviderOptions,
   type ProviderMetadata,
   type ToolCallPart,
   type ToolDefinition,
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ import {
 import { JsonObject, optionalArray, optionalNull, ProviderShared } from "./shared"
 import { classifyProviderFailure } from "../provider-error"
 import * as Cache from "./utils/cache"
-import { AnthropicOptions } from "./utils/anthropic-options"
 import { Lifecycle } from "./utils/lifecycle"
 import { ToolSchemaProjection } from "./utils/tool-schema"
 import { ToolStream } from "./utils/tool-stream"
@@ -32,6 +32,29 @@ const MEDIA_MIMES = new Set<string>([...ProviderShared.IMAGE_MIMES, ...ProviderS
 export const DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
 export const PATH = "/messages"
 
+export type ThinkingInput =
+  | {
+      readonly type: "adaptive"
+      readonly display?: "summarized" | "omitted"
+    }
+  | {
+      readonly type: "disabled"
+    }
+  | ({ readonly type: "enabled" } & (
+      | { readonly budgetTokens: number; readonly budget_tokens?: number }
+      | { readonly budgetTokens?: number; readonly budget_tokens: number }
+    ))
+
+export interface OptionsInput {
+  readonly [key: string]: unknown
+  readonly thinking?: ThinkingInput
+  readonly effort?: string
+}
+
+export type ProviderOptionsInput = ProviderOptions & {
+  readonly anthropic?: OptionsInput
+}
+
 // =============================================================================
 // Request Body Schema
 // =============================================================================
@@ -174,6 +197,20 @@ const AnthropicToolChoice = Schema.Union([
   Schema.Struct({ type: Schema.tag("tool"), name: Schema.String }),
 ])
 
+const AnthropicThinking = Schema.Union([
+  Schema.Struct({
+    type: Schema.tag("enabled"),
+    budget_tokens: Schema.Number,
+  }),
+  Schema.Struct({
+    type: Schema.tag("adaptive"),
+    display: Schema.optional(Schema.Literals(["summarized", "omitted"])),
+  }),
+  Schema.Struct({
+    type: Schema.tag("disabled"),
+  }),
+])
+
 const AnthropicOutputConfig = Schema.Struct({
   effort: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
 })
@@ -190,7 +227,7 @@ const AnthropicBodyFields = {
   top_p: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   top_k: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   stop_sequences: optionalArray(Schema.String),
-  thinking: Schema.optional(AnthropicOptions.ThinkingSchema),
+  thinking: Schema.optional(AnthropicThinking),
   output_config: Schema.optional(AnthropicOutputConfig),
 }
 export const AnthropicMessagesBody = Schema.Struct(AnthropicBodyFields)
@@ -524,6 +561,38 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.lowerMessages")(function* (
   return messages
 })
 
+const resolveOptions = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.resolveOptions")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
+  const input = request.providerOptions?.anthropic
+  return {
+    thinking: yield* resolveThinking(input?.thinking),
+    effort: typeof input?.effort === "string" ? input.effort : undefined,
+  }
+})
+
+const resolveThinking = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.resolveThinking")(function* (input: unknown) {
+  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(input)) return undefined
+  if (input.type === "adaptive") {
+    const display =
+      input.display === "summarized"
+        ? ("summarized" as const)
+        : input.display === "omitted"
+          ? ("omitted" as const)
+          : undefined
+    return { type: "adaptive" as const, ...(display === undefined ? {} : { display }) }
+  }
+  if (input.type === "disabled") return { type: "disabled" as const }
+  if (input.type !== "enabled") return undefined
+  const budget =
+    typeof input.budgetTokens === "number"
+      ? input.budgetTokens
+      : typeof input.budget_tokens === "number"
+        ? input.budget_tokens
+        : undefined
+  if (budget === undefined)
+    return yield* ProviderShared.invalidRequest("Anthropic thinking provider option requires budgetTokens")
+  return { type: "enabled" as const, budget_tokens: budget }
+})
+
 const fromRequest = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
   const generation = request.generation
   const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
@@ -558,7 +627,7 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("AnthropicMessages.fromRequest")(function* (reques
       `Anthropic Messages: dropped ${breakpoints.dropped} cache breakpoint(s); the API allows at most ${ANTHROPIC_BREAKPOINT_CAP} per request.`,
     )
   }
-  const options = yield* AnthropicOptions.resolve(request)
+  const options = yield* resolveOptions(request)
   return {
     model: request.model.id,
     system,
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/protocols/gemini.ts b/packages/ai/src/protocols/gemini.ts
index 48eca6f599..8a62d50fb8 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/protocols/gemini.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/protocols/gemini.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   type JsonSchema,
   type LLMRequest,
   type MediaPart,
+  type ProviderOptions,
   type ProviderMetadata,
   type TextPart,
   type ToolCallPart,
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ import {
   type ToolContent,
 } from "../schema"
 import { JsonObject, optionalArray, ProviderShared } from "./shared"
-import { GeminiOptions } from "./utils/gemini-options"
 import { GeminiToolSchema } from "./utils/gemini-tool-schema"
 import { Lifecycle } from "./utils/lifecycle"
 import { ToolSchemaProjection } from "./utils/tool-schema"
@@ -27,6 +27,18 @@ const ADAPTER = "gemini"
 const MEDIA_MIMES = new Set<string>(ProviderShared.MEDIA_MIMES)
 export const DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta"
 
+export interface OptionsInput {
+  readonly [key: string]: unknown
+  readonly thinkingConfig?: {
+    readonly thinkingBudget?: number
+    readonly includeThoughts?: boolean
+  }
+}
+
+export type ProviderOptionsInput = ProviderOptions & {
+  readonly gemini?: OptionsInput
+}
+
 // =============================================================================
 // Request Body Schema
 // =============================================================================
@@ -96,13 +108,18 @@ const GeminiToolConfig = Schema.Struct({
   }),
 })
 
+const GeminiThinkingConfig = Schema.Struct({
+  thinkingBudget: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+  includeThoughts: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
+})
+
 const GeminiGenerationConfig = Schema.Struct({
   maxOutputTokens: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   temperature: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   topP: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   topK: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   stopSequences: optionalArray(Schema.String),
-  thinkingConfig: Schema.optional(GeminiOptions.ThinkingConfigSchema),
+  thinkingConfig: Schema.optional(GeminiThinkingConfig),
 })
 
 const GeminiBodyFields = {
@@ -298,10 +315,22 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMR
   return contents
 })
 
+const resolveOptions = (request: LLMRequest) => {
+  const value = request.providerOptions?.gemini?.thinkingConfig
+  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(value)) return {}
+  const thinkingConfig = {
+    thinkingBudget: typeof value.thinkingBudget === "number" ? value.thinkingBudget : undefined,
+    includeThoughts: typeof value.includeThoughts === "boolean" ? value.includeThoughts : undefined,
+  }
+  return {
+    thinkingConfig: Object.values(thinkingConfig).some((item) => item !== undefined) ? thinkingConfig : undefined,
+  }
+}
+
 const fromRequest = Effect.fn("Gemini.fromRequest")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
   const hasTools = request.tools.length > 0
   const generation = request.generation
-  const options = GeminiOptions.resolve(request)
+  const options = resolveOptions(request)
   const toolSchemaCompatibility = request.model.compatibility?.toolSchema
   const generationConfig = {
     maxOutputTokens: generation?.maxTokens,
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/anthropic-options.ts b/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/anthropic-options.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 63ee00b70c..0000000000
--- a/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/anthropic-options.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
-import type { LLMRequest } from "../../schema"
-import { ProviderShared } from "../shared"
-
-export const ThinkingSchema = Schema.Union([
-  Schema.Struct({
-    type: Schema.tag("enabled"),
-    budget_tokens: Schema.Number,
-  }),
-  Schema.Struct({
-    type: Schema.tag("adaptive"),
-    display: Schema.optional(Schema.Literals(["summarized", "omitted"])),
-  }),
-  Schema.Struct({
-    type: Schema.tag("disabled"),
-  }),
-])
-export type Thinking = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ThinkingSchema>
-
-export interface Resolved {
-  readonly thinking?: Thinking
-  readonly effort?: string
-}
-
-export const resolve = Effect.fn("AnthropicOptions.resolve")(function* (request: LLMRequest) {
-  const input = request.providerOptions?.anthropic
-  return {
-    thinking: yield* resolveThinking(input?.thinking),
-    effort: typeof input?.effort === "string" ? input.effort : undefined,
-  } satisfies Resolved
-})
-
-const resolveThinking = Effect.fn("AnthropicOptions.resolveThinking")(function* (input: unknown) {
-  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(input)) return undefined
-  if (input.type === "adaptive") {
-    const display =
-      input.display === "summarized"
-        ? ("summarized" as const)
-        : input.display === "omitted"
-          ? ("omitted" as const)
-          : undefined
-    return { type: "adaptive" as const, ...(display === undefined ? {} : { display }) }
-  }
-  if (input.type === "disabled") return { type: "disabled" as const }
-  if (input.type !== "enabled") return undefined
-  const budget =
-    typeof input.budgetTokens === "number"
-      ? input.budgetTokens
-      : typeof input.budget_tokens === "number"
-        ? input.budget_tokens
-        : undefined
-  if (budget === undefined)
-    return yield* ProviderShared.invalidRequest("Anthropic thinking provider option requires budgetTokens")
-  return { type: "enabled" as const, budget_tokens: budget }
-})
-
-export * as AnthropicOptions from "./anthropic-options"
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/gemini-options.ts b/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/gemini-options.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f4828a00a4..0000000000
--- a/packages/ai/src/protocols/utils/gemini-options.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import type { LLMRequest } from "../../schema"
-import { ProviderShared } from "../shared"
-
-export const ThinkingConfigSchema = Schema.Struct({
-  thinkingBudget: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
-  includeThoughts: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-})
-export type ThinkingConfig = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ThinkingConfigSchema>
-
-export interface Resolved {
-  readonly thinkingConfig?: ThinkingConfig
-}
-
-export const resolve = (request: LLMRequest): Resolved => {
-  const value = request.providerOptions?.gemini?.thinkingConfig
-  if (!ProviderShared.isRecord(value)) return {}
-  const thinkingConfig = {
-    thinkingBudget: typeof value.thinkingBudget === "number" ? value.thinkingBudget : undefined,
-    includeThoughts: typeof value.includeThoughts === "boolean" ? value.includeThoughts : undefined,
-  }
-  return {
-    thinkingConfig: Object.values(thinkingConfig).some((item) => item !== undefined) ? thinkingConfig : undefined,
-  }
-}
-
-export * as GeminiOptions from "./gemini-options"
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-compatible.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-compatible.ts
index 50867ebb44..56cc7cee32 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-compatible.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-compatible.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ import { Auth } from "../route/auth"
 import type { ProviderAuthOption } from "../route/auth-options"
 import type { RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client"
 import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema"
-import type { AnthropicProviderOptionsInput } from "./anthropic-options"
 
-export type { AnthropicOptionsInput, AnthropicProviderOptionsInput, AnthropicThinkingInput } from "./anthropic-options"
+export type AnthropicOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.OptionsInput
+export type AnthropicProviderOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
+export type AnthropicThinkingInput = AnthropicMessages.ThinkingInput
 
 export const id = ProviderID.make("anthropic-compatible")
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ export type Config = RouteDefaultsInput &
   ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
     readonly provider?: string
     readonly baseURL: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
   ) & {
     readonly baseURL: string
     readonly provider?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export const routes = [AnthropicMessages.route]
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-options.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-options.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 61f81cc074..0000000000
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic-options.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-import type { ProviderOptions } from "../schema"
-
-export type AnthropicThinkingInput =
-  | {
-      readonly type: "adaptive"
-      readonly display?: "summarized" | "omitted"
-    }
-  | {
-      readonly type: "disabled"
-    }
-  | ({ readonly type: "enabled" } & (
-      | { readonly budgetTokens: number; readonly budget_tokens?: number }
-      | { readonly budgetTokens?: number; readonly budget_tokens: number }
-    ))
-
-export interface AnthropicOptionsInput {
-  readonly [key: string]: unknown
-  readonly thinking?: AnthropicThinkingInput
-  readonly effort?: string
-}
-
-export type AnthropicProviderOptionsInput = ProviderOptions & {
-  readonly anthropic?: AnthropicOptionsInput
-}
-
-export * as AnthropicProviderOptions from "./anthropic-options"
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic.ts
index 5eedb63ac3..eb175ec50c 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package"
 import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema"
 import { AnthropicMessages } from "../protocols/anthropic-messages"
 import { AnthropicCompatible } from "./anthropic-compatible"
-import type { AnthropicProviderOptionsInput } from "./anthropic-options"
 
-export type { AnthropicOptionsInput, AnthropicProviderOptionsInput, AnthropicThinkingInput } from "./anthropic-options"
+export type AnthropicOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.OptionsInput
+export type AnthropicProviderOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
+export type AnthropicThinkingInput = AnthropicMessages.ThinkingInput
 
 export const id = ProviderID.make("anthropic")
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ export const routes = [AnthropicMessages.route]
 export type Config = RouteDefaultsInput &
   ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
     readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
     | { readonly apiKey?: never; readonly authToken?: string }
   ) & {
     readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 const auth = (options: ProviderAuthOption<"optional">) => {
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/gemini-options.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/gemini-options.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 067c38e144..0000000000
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/gemini-options.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import type { ThinkingConfig } from "../protocols/utils/gemini-options"
-import type { ProviderOptions } from "../schema"
-
-export interface GeminiOptionsInput {
-  readonly [key: string]: unknown
-  readonly thinkingConfig?: ThinkingConfig
-}
-
-export type GeminiProviderOptionsInput = ProviderOptions & {
-  readonly gemini?: GeminiOptionsInput
-}
-
-export * as GeminiProviderOptions from "./gemini-options"
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex-messages.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex-messages.ts
index b52eb94f93..53c4e16b0d 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex-messages.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex-messages.ts
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint"
 import { Framing } from "../route/framing"
 import { Protocol } from "../route/protocol"
 import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema"
-import type { AnthropicProviderOptionsInput } from "./anthropic-options"
 import { GoogleVertexShared } from "./google-vertex-shared"
 
-export type { AnthropicOptionsInput, AnthropicProviderOptionsInput, AnthropicThinkingInput } from "./anthropic-options"
+export type AnthropicOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.OptionsInput
+export type AnthropicProviderOptionsInput = AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
+export type AnthropicThinkingInput = AnthropicMessages.ThinkingInput
 
 const VERSION = "vertex-2023-10-16" as const
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ export type Config = RouteDefaultsInput &
     readonly baseURL?: string
     readonly location?: string
     readonly project?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
   readonly baseURL?: string
   readonly location?: string
   readonly project?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicProviderOptionsInput
+  readonly providerOptions?: AnthropicMessages.ProviderOptionsInput
 }
 
 const route = Route.make({
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
index f7994fb16d..78f4e0764d 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/google-vertex.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import { Route, type RouteDefaultsInput } from "../route/client"
 import { Endpoint } from "../route/endpoint"
 import { Framing } from "../route/framing"
 import { ProviderID, type ModelID } from "../schema"
-import type { GeminiProviderOptionsInput } from "./gemini-options"
 import { GoogleVertexShared } from "./google-vertex-shared"
 
-export type { GeminiOptionsInput, GeminiProviderOptionsInput } from "./gemini-options"
+export type GeminiOptionsInput = Gemini.OptionsInput
+export type GeminiProviderOptionsInput = Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
 
 export const id = ProviderID.make("google-vertex")
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export type Config = RouteDefaultsInput &
     readonly baseURL?: string
     readonly location?: string
     readonly project?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: GeminiProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export type Settings = ProviderPackage.Settings &
     readonly baseURL?: string
     readonly location?: string
     readonly project?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: GeminiProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 const route = Route.make({
diff --git a/packages/ai/src/providers/google.ts b/packages/ai/src/providers/google.ts
index 0199d594e6..2c3476117c 100644
--- a/packages/ai/src/providers/google.ts
+++ b/packages/ai/src/providers/google.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import type { ProviderPackage } from "../provider-package"
 import { HttpOptions, ProviderID, mergeHttpOptions, type ModelID } from "../schema"
 import { Gemini } from "../protocols/gemini"
 import { GoogleImages } from "../protocols/google-images"
-import type { GeminiProviderOptionsInput } from "./gemini-options"
 
 export type { GoogleImageOptions } from "../protocols/google-images"
-export type { GeminiOptionsInput, GeminiProviderOptionsInput } from "./gemini-options"
+export type GeminiOptionsInput = Gemini.OptionsInput
+export type GeminiProviderOptionsInput = Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
 
 export const id = ProviderID.make("google")
 
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ export const routes = [Gemini.route]
 export type Config = RouteDefaultsInput &
   ProviderAuthOption<"optional"> & {
     readonly baseURL?: string
-    readonly providerOptions?: GeminiProviderOptionsInput
+    readonly providerOptions?: Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
   }
 
 export interface Settings extends ProviderPackage.Settings {
   readonly apiKey?: string
   readonly baseURL?: string
-  readonly providerOptions?: GeminiProviderOptionsInput
+  readonly providerOptions?: Gemini.ProviderOptionsInput
 }
 
 const auth = (options: ProviderAuthOption<"optional">) => {