borg/docs/usage/prune.rst.inc
2026-08-29 17:42:35 +02:00

220 lines
No EOL
24 KiB
PHP

.. IMPORTANT: this file is auto-generated from borg's built-in help, do not edit!
.. _borg_prune:
borg prune
----------
.. code-block:: none
borg [common options] prune [options] [NAME]
.. only:: html
.. class:: borg-options-table
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **positional arguments** |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``NAME`` | specify the archive name |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **options** |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-n``, ``--dry-run`` | do not change the repository |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--list`` | output a verbose list of archives it keeps/prunes |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--short`` | use a less wide archive part format |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--list-pruned`` | output verbose list of archives it prunes |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--list-kept`` | output verbose list of archives it keeps |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--format FORMAT`` | specify format for the archive part (default: "{archive:<36} {time} [{id}]") |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--json`` | Format output as JSON. The form of ``--format`` is ignored, but keys used in it are added to the JSON output. Some keys are always present. Note: JSON can only represent text. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--from TIMESTAMP`` | only consider archives older than this for pruning |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--keep`` | number or time interval of archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--keep-secondly`` | number or time interval of secondly archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--keep-minutely`` | number or time interval of minutely archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-H``, ``--keep-hourly`` | number or time interval of hourly archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-d``, ``--keep-daily`` | number or time interval of daily archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-w``, ``--keep-weekly`` | number or time interval of weekly archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-m``, ``--keep-monthly`` | number or time interval of monthly archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--keep-13weekly`` | number or time interval of quarterly archives to keep (13 week strategy) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``--keep-3monthly`` | number or time interval of quarterly archives to keep (3 month strategy) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-y``, ``--keep-yearly`` | number or time interval of yearly archives to keep |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| .. class:: borg-common-opt-ref |
| |
| :ref:`common_options` |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Archive filters** — Archive filters can be applied to repository targets. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``-a PATTERN``, ``--match-archives PATTERN`` | only consider archives matching all patterns. See "borg help match-archives". |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
.. raw:: html
<script type='text/javascript'>
$(document).ready(function () {
$('.borg-options-table colgroup').remove();
})
</script>
.. only:: latex
NAME
specify the archive name
options
-n, --dry-run do not change the repository
--list output a verbose list of archives it keeps/prunes
--short use a less wide archive part format
--list-pruned output verbose list of archives it prunes
--list-kept output verbose list of archives it keeps
--format FORMAT specify format for the archive part (default: "{archive:<36} {time} [{id}]")
--json Format output as JSON. The form of ``--format`` is ignored, but keys used in it are added to the JSON output. Some keys are always present. Note: JSON can only represent text.
--from TIMESTAMP only consider archives older than this for pruning
--keep number or time interval of archives to keep
--keep-secondly number or time interval of secondly archives to keep
--keep-minutely number or time interval of minutely archives to keep
-H, --keep-hourly number or time interval of hourly archives to keep
-d, --keep-daily number or time interval of daily archives to keep
-w, --keep-weekly number or time interval of weekly archives to keep
-m, --keep-monthly number or time interval of monthly archives to keep
--keep-13weekly number or time interval of quarterly archives to keep (13 week strategy)
--keep-3monthly number or time interval of quarterly archives to keep (3 month strategy)
-y, --keep-yearly number or time interval of yearly archives to keep
:ref:`common_options`
|
Archive filters
-a PATTERN, --match-archives PATTERN only consider archives matching all patterns. See "borg help match-archives".
Description
~~~~~~~~~~~
The prune command prunes a repository by soft-deleting all archives not
matching any of the specified retention options.
Important:
- The prune command will only mark archives for deletion ("soft-deletion"),
repository disk space is **not** freed until you run ``borg compact``.
- You can use ``borg undelete`` to undelete archives, but only until
you run ``borg compact``.
This command is normally used by automated backup scripts wanting to keep a
certain number of historic backups. This retention policy is commonly referred to as
`GFS <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_rotation_scheme#Grandfather-father-son>`_
(Grandfather-father-son) backup rotation scheme.
The recommended way to use prune is to give the archive series name to it via the
NAME argument (assuming you have the same name for all archives in a series).
Alternatively, you can also use --match-archives (-a), then only archives that
match the pattern are considered for deletion and only those archives count
towards the totals specified by the rules.
Otherwise, *all* archives in the repository are candidates for deletion!
There is no automatic distinction between archives representing different
contents. These need to be distinguished by specifying matching globs.
If you have multiple series of archives with different data sets (e.g.
from different machines) in one shared repository, use one prune call per
series.
The ``--keep`` option is the simplest way to specify a basic retention
policy. It accepts a count or a time interval for retention (e.g.
``10`` or ``7d``, ``4w``). With a count it keeps at most that many
recent archives; with an interval it keeps all archives created within
that time window. When ``--from`` is given together with an interval
retention, the interval is measured backwards from that timestamp
instead of from the current time. See ``Date and Time`` docs for exact
INTERVAL format.
The ``--keep-secondly``, ``--keep-minutely``, ``--keep-hourly``,
``--keep-daily``, ``--keep-weekly``, ``--keep-monthly``,
``--keep-13weekly``, ``--keep-3monthly``, and ``--keep-yearly`` options
specify time period retention policies. They accept either a count N for
retention or a time interval INTERVAL for retention, same as for ``--keep``.
With a retention count, they keep at most that many archives (one per
period, e.g. one per day or one per month until the retention count is
met). With a retention interval, they keep one archive per period
within that time span (e.g. at most one per day in a span of seven
days, even if some days had none) -- measured from ``--from`` if given,
otherwise from the current time. Specifying a count of ``-1`` (or the
word ``all``) means no limit. A zero count or zero-length interval
keeps nothing.
The ``--from`` option restricts pruning to archives older than the given
TIMESTAMP. Archives made at or after this timestamp are kept unconditionally
as a pre-filter. When ``--from`` is used together with interval-based
``--keep-*`` options (e.g. ``--keep-daily 7d``), the interval is measured
backwards from the given timestamp rather than from the current time.
Count-based retention does not count the unconditionally kept archives.
The ``--keep-13weekly`` and ``--keep-3monthly`` rules are two different
strategies for keeping archives every quarter year.
The oldest archive is kept as long as the coarsest retention rule covers it --
``--keep-yearly=3`` will keep the oldest archive if it couldn't otherwise find
three candidates, ``--keep-yearly=5y`` will keep the oldest archive as long as
it is at or within the 5y interval. This is useful for rolling tiered backup
schemes, where the earliest backup in a retention window should survive until
the next tier's interval naturally replaces it.
When using interval-based pruning with multiple ``--keep-*`` options,
the intervals must be specified in increasing length matching the
periods chosen. For example, ``--keep-daily 7d --keep-weekly 4w`` is
valid, but ``--keep-daily 30d --keep-weekly 7d`` is not, because the
weekly interval is already covered by the daily one and so the weekly
interval is effectively useless. An error is emitted upon running
``borg prune`` if such a combination of flags is given. The order of
flags on the command line is not significant.
A practical approach for recurring backups is to use rules
with increasing coarseness so that most of recent history is kept and
older history gradually thins out with time. For example,
``--keep-daily 7d --keep-weekly 4w --keep-monthly 6`` keeps an
archive per day for the past week, per week for the past month, and
one per month for six months after that. Combine this with ``--from``
to align time windows to calendar boundaries rather than the exact
moment you run prune for more predictable behavior of coarser rules:
``--keep-daily 7d --keep-weekly 4w --from $(date +%F)``.
Count-based retention keeps archives less bound to time. For instance,
``--keep-yearly 3`` retains 3 yearly archives however far back they
span and ``--keep-daily 20`` keeps 20 archives no matter if you missed
a week in between. This can be useful for less regular archive
creation, or if your use case does not map well to specific time
intervals, or if you simply prefer to think of archive retention in
numbers rather than intervals.
For count-based retention, backups selected by more granular rules do
not count towards those of coarser rules. ``--keep 3 --keep-monthly 2``
will first keep the 3 latest archives and then keep 2 monthly archives,
skipping ones that were already kept by ``--keep 3``.
The time that each archive creation started is used to match archives
to pruning periods. Dates and times are interpreted in the local
timezone of your system. Weeks go from Monday to Sunday.
You can influence how the ``--list`` output is formatted by using the ``--short``
option (less wide output) or by giving a custom format using ``--format`` (see
the ``borg repo-list`` description for more details about the format string).